[Secondary embryonary root associated with seed germination in Garcinia intermedia (Clusiaceae) and its possible role in seedling survival].

Germination tests on Garcinia intermedia (Clusiaceae) seeds showed the growth of two types of roots: additionally to the primary root, a secondary root crosses the seed lengthwise. To determine its possible role on the survival and growth of this species, 90 seedlings at least six months old (collected in Central Costa Rica) were planted in plastic bags with organic soil, and placed in a greenhouse. The seedlings were treated as follows: treatments in which the primary or secondary root was cut off, and a control group with both roots intact (30 replicates each). After three months 10 seedlings/month/treatment were extracted to measure their height, basal diameter, root length (main and secondary root), and biomass of the stem, roots and seed (without its coat). Control seedlings had the highest growth, followed by those without secondary roots. Nonetheless, more than 90% of the seedlings whose primary roots were cut off, survived after five months of the excision treatment, in part due to the capacity of this species to regenerate its radical system through the seed reserves, sprouting of a primary-like root, and/or the growth stimulus of the secondary root (60% of the total: 20% with sprouts from the primary root stump, 13.3% with a growth stimulus of the secondary root, and 26.7% with both conditions). The length of the sprouted roots was significantly different only on those plants that were extracted during the first two monthly measurements, when compared with the control (F6 = 18.6, F7 = 16.0, p < 0.01).