Based on sensitive light and electron microscopical lectin histochemistry, the distribution of saccharide residues is demonstrated in endothelial cells and/or the walls of integumental blood vessels of domesticated and wild mammals. In addition, the nomenclature of the blood vessel system in the skin is reviewed, and modified according to a generalized mammalian approach. Our comparative attempt demonstrated three (upper, mid-dermal, and dermal) plexus or retia in the integument of mammals of important systematic groups. The findings highlight a specific spectrum of terminal sugars in the endothelial cells and their glycocalyx and/or the blood vessel wall as related to the vessel retia and plexus present. The subepidermal blood vessel system, the capillary loops in particular, was marked by alpha-Man/alpha-Glc, alpha-D-GalNAc, beta-D-Gal/beta-D-GalNAc, and NANA-alpha(2,6)-GalNAc; the mid-dermal system by alpha-Man/alpha-Glc, and alpha-D-Gal/alpha-D-GalNAc; and the deep dermal system by alpha-Man/alpha-Glc, alpha-D-GalNAc, alpha-Gal, and beta-D-Gal/beta-D-GalNAc moieties. The results obtained are discussed from a comparative point of view, also with regard to certain basic functions of the endothelial cells and their glycocalyx.
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