Adolescent substance abuse treatment clinicians' self-help meeting referral practices and adolescent attendance rates.

Clinicians in adolescent substance abuse treatment programs often recommend attendance at 12-Step meetings; however, there has been no systematic study of their referral practices or possible influence on attendance rates. Quantitative and qualitative data were used to examine: (a) the self-help referral practices of clinicians employed in adolescent substance abuse treatment programs; and (b) the potential relationship between practices and self-help attendance. Data were analyzed from open-ended interviews with 28 clinicians at eight CSAT-funded SCY sites and from follow-up interviews with over 1,600 adolescents. Results indicated that clinicians referred adolescents almost exclusively to 12-Step groups. Various factors were considered when recommending attendance, including substance use severity and ability to grasp 12-Step concepts. Meeting age composition and availability were common influences when suggesting specific meetings. Clinicians who described their treatment programs as "12-Step based" and actively linked adolescents to groups tended to be employed at sites that had the highest overall rates of self-help attendance. Findings suggest that if clinicians want to facilitate self-help attendance, they might assess the "fit" between individual adolescents and particular meetings. Additionally, programs may want to develop and train staff in standardized referral procedures. Further research is needed to empirically test referral strategies with adolescents.