Purpose: To study the effects of nanostructured titanium fabricated via surface plastic deformation on Saos-2 cell adherence, proliferation and differentiation in vitro.
Methods: Nanostructured titanium surfaces were prepared using plastic deformation and divided into three groups: group I (30 minutes, n=6), group II (60 minutes, n=6) and group III (90 minutes, n=6), according to the time of preparation. The untreated titanium was used as control group. Saos-2 cell line was cultured on different titanium surfaces. The features of titanium surface and the effects of nanostructured titanium surfaces on cell adherence, proliferation and shape were examined using fluorescence microscope, LSCM and MTT tests. RT-PCR was used to assess the alteration of BMP-4 gene expression. The data was analyzed for ANOVA with SAS6.0 software package.
Results: The results of SEM showed that plastic deformation for 60 and 90 minutes yielded nanostructured titanium surface. The nanostructured titanium surface significantly promoted Saos-2 cell adherence (P<0.05). Group II (60 minutes) had more extensive spreading on titanium surfaces than the control group. Group II (60 minutes) and group III (90 minutes) had significantly higher BMP-4 gene expression in Saos-2 cells than control group (P<0.05).
Conclusions: The biological behavior of Saos-2 cells on nanostructured titanium surface fabricated via plastic deformation for 60 minutes is better than other groups. Surface plastic deformation may be a potential method to yield nanostructured surface of titanium.
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