A series of adenine-copper complexes (1-6) with various ligands (Cl(-), SCN(-), BF(4)(-) and acac [acetylacetonate ion]) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Among the six complexes only complex (1), Cu(2)(adenine)(4)Cl(4).2EtOH (abbreviated as Cu-Ad), demonstrated some toxic effect on different cell lines. In vitro investigations of the biological effect of Cu-Ad complex have shown that it: (1) binds genomic DNA; (2) decreases significantly, the viability of cells in culture in a concentration (15-125 microM)-dependant manner; an estimated IC(50) of: 45 microM with HepG2; 73 microM with C2C12; 103 microM with NIH3T3; and 108 microM with MCF7. Cu-Ad had no effect on A549 cells; (3) inhibits Taq polymerase-catalyzed reaction; (4) inhibits the binding of the transcription factor GATA-5 to labeled DNA probes; (5) inhibits mitochondrial NADH-UQ-reductase with an estimated IC(50) of 2.8 nmol, but had no effect on succinate dehydrogenase activity; (6) increases reactive oxygen species (60%) at 45 microM Cu-Ad; and (7) decreases ATP (80%) at 50 microM Cu-Ad. The new compound Cu(2)(adenine)(4)Cl(4).2EtOH (Cu-Ad), belongs to a class of copper-adenylate complexes that target many biochemical sites and with potential anti-cancer activity.
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