AI Article Synopsis
- Bioanalytical science is rapidly expanding due to a growing need for sensitive detection methods in human and veterinary diagnostics, as well as for bioterrorism prevention and food safety.
- The review focuses on the use of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology for detecting proteins, viruses, and microorganisms in complex immunoassays.
- Key components of the assay include the design of capture substrates and the use of gold nanoparticles modified with Raman-active materials and antibodies, known as extrinsic Raman labels (ERLs), which enhance signal detection and ensure specificity.
Article Abstract
Bioanalytical science is experiencing a period of unprecedented growth. Drivers behind this growth include the need to detect markers central to human and veterinary diagnostics at ever-lower levels and greater speeds. A set of parallel arguments applies to pathogens with respect to bioterrorism prevention and food and water safety. This tutorial review outlines our recent explorations on the use of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for detection of proteins, viruses, and microorganisms in heterogeneous immunoassays. It will detail the design and fabrication of the assay platform, including the capture substrate and nanoparticle-based labels. The latter, which is the cornerstone of our strategy, relies on the construction of gold nanoparticles modified with both an intrinsically strong Raman scatterer and an antibody. This labelling motif, referred to as extrinsic Raman labels (ERLs), takes advantage of the well-established signal enhancement of scatterers when coated on nanometre-sized gold particles, whereas the antibody imparts antigenic specificity. We will also examine the role of plasmon coupling between the ERLs and capture substrate, and challenges related to particle stability, nonspecific adsorption, and assay speed.
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