Sunscreen use and environmental awareness among beach-goers in Cape Town, South Africa.

Background: The potential impact on health of increased exposure to sunlight has caused increased concern in recent years. In South Africa little is known of peoples' sunbathing habits, use of sunscreens, and factors influencing these practices.

Aims: The aims of the study were to determine sunscreen usage among the South African beach-going public, to determine sunbathing practices of beach-goers and to determine factors influencing peoples' sunbathing habits.

Methods: Cluster sampling at 3 popular Cape Peninsula beaches was used to select a sample of 231 white adult beach-goers. Questionnaires were administered to obtain information on the use of sunscreens, frequency of use, peoples' sunbathing activities, their susceptibility to sunburn and ability to tan, whether there was a history of severe sunburn, and knowledge and awareness of environmental issues. Information was also obtained on personal characteristics and sociodemographic factors.

Results: 50% of respondents were using a sunscreen on the day of the interview. More women than men, and people over 25 years of age relative to younger persons, made frequent use of sunscreen lotions. A sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or more was being used by 5% of the population. With respect to peoples' knowledge and awareness of the environment, 90% of the population cited skin cancer as a potential consequence of over-exposure to sunlight, although, in general, knowledge of environmental issues was poor.

Conclusions: A major effort is needed to improve attitudes and practices in South Africa with respect to sun-tanning activities.