Two experiments refined procedures to study Pavlovian influences on goal-directed behavior in mice and studied the effects of CS-US relations in Pavlovian-instrumental interactions. Independent groups of mice underwent Pavlovian training to associate either a 10-sec or 2-min auditory stimulus (CS) with reward. We next assessed the ability of the response-contingent CS presentations to reinforce novel instrumental responding (conditioned reinforcement; CRf) or the ability of noncontingent CS presentations to increase ongoing instrumental responding (Pavlovian-instrumental transfer; PIT). Whereas 10-sec training conditions produced strong CRf (and no PIT), 2-min training conditions produced robust PIT (but no CRf).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.762508 | DOI Listing |
Curr Opin Psychol
December 2024
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany.
In this article, we use the example of pain exposure therapy to illustrate how behavioral pain treatments can be systematically personalized following the principles of functional analysis. Based on the fear-avoidance model, pain exposure therapy has evolved as a mechanistically-based treatment to modify the mechanism of avoidance learning with the aim to reduce disability levels. We first present experimental evidence on avoidance learning from a general psychological perspective.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurobiol Learn Mem
December 2024
Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan. Electronic address:
Social learning, learning from other individuals, has been demonstrated in many animals, including insects, but its detailed neural mechanisms remain virtually unknown. We showed that crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) exhibit aversive social learning with a dead conspecific. When a learner cricket was trained to observe a dead cricket on a drinking apparatus, the learner avoided the odor of that apparatus thereafter.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci
December 2024
Center for studies and research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.
Reward-predictive cues can affect decision-making by enhancing instrumental responses towards the same (Specific transfer) or similar (General transfer) rewards. The main theories on cue-guided decision-making consider Specific transfer as driven by the activation of previously learned instrumental actions induced by cues sharing the sensory-specific properties of the reward they are associated with. However, to date, such theoretical assumption has never been directly investigated at the neural level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElife
December 2024
Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States.
Defensive behavior changes based on threat intensity, proximity, and context of exposure, and learning about danger-predicting stimuli is critical for survival. However, most Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigms focus only on freezing behavior, obscuring the contributions of associative and non-associative mechanisms to dynamic defensive responses. To thoroughly investigate defensive ethograms, we subjected male and female adult C57BL/6 J mice to a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm that paired footshock with a serial compound stimulus (SCS) consisting of distinct tone and white noise (WN) stimulus periods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHist Philos Life Sci
December 2024
School of Marxism, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the leadership of the new country carried out a political, cultural, and scientific campaign to "comprehensively learn from the Soviet Union," with the goal of rapid development on all fronts. In the realm of medicine, this had profound consequences. The hegemonic Soviet theory of physiology and psychology-Pavlovianism-became highly influential in China, first as Party Line and second as the basis for a reformed "traditional Chinese medicine".
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