In a single study of the female population aged 35-54 years in the city of Tallinn no significant differences in the blood lipoprotein pattern for the nationality (Estonian--Russian) and the phase of menstrual cycle in women with normal ovarian function were found. On the other hand, in comparison with those with a normal menstrual cycle postmenopausal women showed significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerols and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. For studies of risk factor prevalence of non-communicable diseases among female population, it is recommended, to identify women with menstrual cycle disturbance since their higher percentages could bias the results.
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Cureus
December 2024
Department of Sports Medicine, Portuguese Rugby Federation, Lisbon, PRT.
Introduction The participation of women in sports is increasing, and the rising training demands may impact growth and pubertal development. High-intensity sports are often linked to delayed growth and bone maturation due to energy deficits and intense regimens. These factors may increase the risk of injury and musculoskeletal issues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOestrogen and progesterone fluctuate cyclically in women throughout their adult lives. Although these hormones cross the blood-retinal barrier and bind to intraocular receptors, their effects remain unclear. We present the first review to date on associations between posterior pole structures-specifically the macula, choroid, and optic disc-and both the menstrual cycle and post-menopausal period, utilising multimodal imaging techniques in healthy adult non-pregnant women.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhysiol Rev
January 2025
Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
Kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) play a key role in several physiological processes including in puberty, adult reproductive function including the menstrual cycle, as well as mediating the symptoms of menopause. Infundibular kisspeptin neurons, which co-express NKB, regulate the activity of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, and thus the physiological pulsatile secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus. Outside of their hypothalamic reproductive roles, these peptides are implicated in several physiological functions including sexual behavior and attraction, placental function, and bone health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: To correlate the direct and indirect morphological uterus sonographic assessment (MUSA) features of adenomyosis with clinical symptoms severity.
Material And Methods: This observational prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care institute from April 2023 to March 2024, involving 254 women aged 18 to 45 years with a regular menstrual cycle and ultrasound-confirmed diagnosis of adenomyosis. Detailed clinicodemographic data were collected, including symptoms such as painful menses, heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), chronic pelvic pain (CPP), and bowel/bladder symptoms.
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