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Emerging infectious diseases like those caused by arboviruses such as Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) pose a serious threat to public health systems. Development of medical countermeasures against emerging infectious diseases are of utmost importance. In this work, an acrylate and vinyl sulfone-based chemical series was investigated as promising starting scaffolds against VEEV and as inhibitors of the cysteine protease domain of VEEV's nonstructural protein 2 (nsP2).

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Aminooxylation Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Sequence for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched γ-Functionalized Vinyl Sulfones.

J Org Chem

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Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.

An operationally simple protocol for the synthesis of γ-hydroxy vinyl sulfones has been developed using a proline-based aldehyde aminooxylation, followed by a vinyl sulfone forming Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination. The adducts, formed in high enantiopurity, were subsequently converted to γ-azido vinyl sulfones, and azide-alkyne click chemistry enabled the synthesis of vinyl sulfone-based triazoles as potential nonpeptidic cysteine protease inhibitors.

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A fragment-based method to discover irreversible covalent inhibitors of cysteine proteases.

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Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2170 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.

A novel fragment-based drug discovery approach is reported which irreversibly tethers drug-like fragments to catalytic cysteines. We attached an electrophile to 100 fragments without significant alterations in the reactivity of the electrophile. A mass spectrometry assay discovered three nonpeptidic inhibitors of the cysteine protease papain.

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Background: The UPP (ubiquitin proteasome pathway) is the major proteolytic system in the cytosol and nucleus of all eukaryotic cells which regulates cellular events, including mitotis, differentiation, signal transduction, apoptosis, and inflammation. UPP controls activation of the transcriptional factor NF-κB (nuclear factor κB), which is a regulatory protein playing central role in a variety of cellular processes including immune and inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and cellular proliferation. Since the primary interaction of proteasomes occurs with endogenous proteins, the signalling action of transcription factor NF-κB can be blocked by inhibition of proteasomes.

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Drug Metab Dispos

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Department of Membrane Transport and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.

N-[6-[2-[(5-Bromo-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]ethoxy]-5-(4-methylphenyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylethyl) benzenesulfonamide sodium salt (TA-0201) carboxylic acid form (TA-0201CA) is the primary and pharmacologically active metabolite of TA-0201, which is an orally active nonpeptide antagonist for endothelin receptors. A major elimination route of TA-0201CA in rats was biliary excretion. The aim of this study was to clarify the transporters responsible for the hepatobiliary transport of TA-0201CA by in vivo pharmacokinetic study and in vitro study using sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes (SCRH) from normal rats [Sprague-Dawley rats (SDR)] and Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats (EHBR).

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