The use of a mesofluidic flow reactor is described for performing Curtius rearrangement reactions of carboxylic acids in the presence of diphenylphosphoryl azide and trapping of the intermediate isocyanates with various nucleophiles.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b801631n | DOI Listing |
J Environ Manage
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO.28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi Province, China.
Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is famous for the clean utilization of organic wastes without SO emission. Investigating the decomposition mechanism of sulfone compounds, the dominant organic sulfur compounds of organic wastes, in supercritical water (SCW) is conducive to the development of SCWG technology. Herein, the comparative decomposition mechanism of phenyl vinyl sulfone (PVS), diphenyl sulfone (DS), and benzo[b]thiophene 1,1-dioxide (BD) are explored via experiments and density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
January 2025
Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity of the Italian National Research Council, Area della Ricerca di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
The utilization of the homogeneous ()-2-pyrrolidine-tetrazole organocatalyst (Ley catalyst) in the self-condensation of ethyl pyruvate and cross-aldol reactions of ethyl pyruvate donor with non-enolizable pyruvate acceptors, namely the sterically hindered ethyl 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate or the highly electrophilic methyl 3,3,3-trifluoropyruvate, is described as the key enantioselective step toward the synthesis of the corresponding biologically relevant isotetronic acids featuring a quaternary carbon functionalized with ester and alkyl groups. The transition from homogeneous to heterogeneous flow conditions is also investigated, detailing the fabrication and operation of packed-bed reactors filled with a silica-supported version of the pyrrolidine-tetrazole catalyst (SBA-15 as the matrix).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicromachines (Basel)
January 2025
School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
This study evaluates the performance of continuous flow and drop-based microfluidic devices for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) under identical hydrodynamic and chemical conditions. Flows at low values of Dean number (De < 1) were investigated, where the contribution of the vortices forming inside the drop to the additional mixing inside the reactor should be most noticeable. In the drop-based microfluidic device, discrete aqueous drops serving as reactors were generated by flow focusing using silicone oil as the continuous phase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
January 2025
Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zographou Campus, 15773, Athens, Greece.
Vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSSF CWs) were employed to investigate the use of biochar that could be produced with local agricultural biomass through pyrolysis, recycled glass from local recycling companies and gel beads with decreased packing volume and shipping cost as substrate alternatives to sand. The materials were assessed in terms of granulometry, porosity, adsorption capacity and hydraulic conductivity and were used for the treatment of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, treating domestic wastewater, effluent. Granulometry was a major factor impacting TSS removal that ranged from 81% ± 10% to 97% ± 2%.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioresour Bioprocess
January 2025
Biotechnology Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, Móstoles, Madrid, 28935, Spain.
This research investigated the acidogenic fermentation (AF) of sugar cane molasses in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor for the production of carboxylates. The first step was to assess the optimum process temperature (25, 35 or 55 ºC) using two different granular inocula, one from a brewery company (BGS) and other from a paper plant company (PGS). These experiments determined that the most suitable temperature for carboxylates production was 25 ºC, obtaining higher bioconversions (27.
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