Arabinosylated lipoarabinomannan modulates the impaired cell mediated immune response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv infected C57BL/6 mice.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a facultative intracellular pathogen that flourishes inside the host macrophages. This organism has the ability to deactivate the cell-mediated immune responses involving the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, T cell proliferation, apoptosis of CD4+T cells and impairment of the expression of MHC Class II molecules. We observed that Arabinosylated Lipoarabinomannan (Ara-LAM), a glycolipid present in the cell wall of the avirulent Mycobacterium smegmatis, could effectively restrict the growth of tubercle bacilli, induced the transcription of Th1 cytokines in alveolar macrophages (AMs) and splenocytes, enhanced the frequency of CD4+T cells secreting IFN-gamma and induced the expression of MHC Class II molecules on the splenocyte membrane, compared to that of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv infected C57BL/6 mice. Collectively our findings strongly suggest that Ara-LAM had the potency to restore the impaired cell mediated immune responses in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, and hence could be utilized as an effective immuno-prophylactic tool in the control of tuberculosis.