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Intrapancreatic fat, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer.
Cell Mol Life Sci
July 2023
Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
Pancreatic cancer is typically detected at an advanced stage, and is refractory to most forms of treatment, contributing to poor survival outcomes. The incidence of pancreatic cancer is gradually increasing, linked to an aging population and increasing rates of obesity and pancreatitis, which are risk factors for this cancer. Sources of risk include adipokine signaling from fat cells throughout the body, elevated levels of intrapancreatic intrapancreatic adipocytes (IPAs), inflammatory signals arising from pancreas-infiltrating immune cells and a fibrotic environment induced by recurring cycles of pancreatic obstruction and acinar cell lysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntra-pancreatic fat deposition: bringing hidden fat to the fore.
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol
March 2022
Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Development of advanced modalities for detection of fat within the pancreas has transformed understanding of the role of intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) in health and disease. There is now strong evidence for the presence of minimal (but not negligible) IPFD in healthy human pancreas. Diffuse excess IPFD, or fatty pancreas disease (FPD), is more frequent than type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (the most common disease of the endocrine pancreas) and acute pancreatitis (the most common disease of the exocrine pancreas) combined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFmiR-375 induces adipogenesis through targeting Erk1 in pancreatic duct cells under the influence of sodium palmitate.
J Cell Physiol
May 2021
Biology Department, Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
The goal of this study was to research long-term saturated fatty acid overexposure that can induce differentiation of pancreatic duct cells into adipocytes and also into β-cells. The important findings can be summarized as follows: (i) adipogenesis and early stage β-cell differentiation were stimulated in duct cells under lipotoxicity and glucolipotoxicity conditions, (ii) miR-375 expression was upregulated while its target Erk1 was downregulated and miR-375 inhibitor upregulated Erk1 while expression of adipogenesis markers was downregulated in duct cells under both conditions, (iii) apoptosis was induced in β and duct cells under both conditions, (iv) lipotoxicity induced proliferation of co-cultured β-cells. These findings suggest that long-term saturated fatty acid overexposure may cause intrapancreatic fat accumulation by inducing differentiation of duct cells into adipocytes and it may contributes to β-cell compensation by stimulating the early stage of β-cell differentiation in duct cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntra-pancreatic tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: a promising therapeutic potential with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic profiles.
Stem Cell Res Ther
November 2019
Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
Background: Human pancreata contain many types of cells, such as endocrine islets, acinar, ductal, fat, and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs are important and shown to have a promising therapeutic potential to treat various disease conditions.
Methods: We investigated intra-pancreatic tissue-derived (IPTD) MSCs isolated from tissue fractions that are routinely discarded during pancreatic islet isolation of human cadaveric donors.
Human pancreatic afferent and efferent nerves: mapping and 3-D illustration of exocrine, endocrine, and adipose innervation.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
November 2019
Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
The pancreas consists of both the exocrine (acini and ducts) and endocrine (islets) compartments to participate in and regulate the body's digestive and metabolic activities. These activities are subjected to neural modulation, but characterization of the human pancreatic afferent and efferent nerves remains difficult because of the lack of three-dimensional (3-D) image data. Here we prepare transparent human donor pancreases for 3-D histology to reveal the pancreatic microstructure, vasculature, and innervation in a global and integrated fashion.
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