The present work is a pilot experiment meant to provide base line information on cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in an active focus on the White Nile, Sudan. The topics covered include species of sandflies prevailing in the area, anthropophily, endophily, suspected vector and reservoir host, seasonal and daily rhythm of activity and susceptibility to insecticides.
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Efficient visual word recognition presumably relies on orthographic prediction error (oPE) representations. On the basis of a transparent neurocognitive computational model rooted in the principles of the predictive coding framework, we postulated that readers optimize their percept by removing redundant visual signals, allowing them to focus on the informative aspects of the sensory input (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentifying the Strongest Correlates of Condom Use Among US Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
JAMA Pediatr
January 2025
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Importance: Condoms are effective at preventing sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy; however, only 52% of sexually active US adolescents used a condom at last intercourse.
Objective: To examine (1) the association between 36 psychosocial variables and adolescent condom use to determine the strongest correlates of condom use behavior across the literature, (2) heterogeneity of these effects, and (3) the moderating roles of age, gender/sex, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and year of study.
Data Sources: A systematic search was conducted of studies published between January 2000 and February 2024 using Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Communication Source databases, plus relevant review articles and unpublished data.
Glioprotective Effects of Resveratrol Against Glutamate-Induced Cellular Dysfunction: The Role of Heme Oxygenase 1 Pathway.
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Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, has shown promising neuroprotective effects in several in vivo and in vitro experimental models. However, the mechanisms by which resveratrol mediates these effects are not fully understood. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain; however, excessive extracellular glutamate levels can affect neural activity in several neurological diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Potential of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Treating Spinal Cord Injury.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFComputational Modeling of Electrocatalysts for CO Reduction: Probing the Role of Primary, Secondary, and Outer Coordination Spheres.
Acc Chem Res
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The Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States.
ConspectusIn the search for efficient and selective electrocatalysts capable of converting greenhouse gases to value-added products, enzymes found in naturally existing bacteria provide the basis for most approaches toward electrocatalyst design. Ni,Fe-carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (Ni,Fe-CODH) is one such enzyme, with a nickel-iron-sulfur cluster named the C-cluster, where CO binds and is converted to CO at high rates near the thermodynamic potential. In this Account, we divide the enzyme's catalytic contributions into three categories based on location and function.
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