Cytogenetic analysis of meiosis in the wheat--rye dimonosomics 1Rv-1A, 1Ron-1A, 2R-2D, 5R-5A, and 6R-6A was conducted. C-banding was used to study the segregation pattern of each of two univalent chromosomes during the first meiotic division. It has been shown that the division frequency of the centromeric regions of all rye chromosomes in the pair studied is significantly higher than in the wheat chromosomes. The ANOVA performed suggest that the plant genotype contributes significantly (at P = 0.05) to the behavior pattern of univalent chromosomes in meiosis. The data obtained demonstrate that the rye and wheat chromosomes studied are involved in genetic regulation of centromere division in meiotic anaphase I (AI). The presence of rye chromosome 2R and wheat chromosome 2D suppresses the division of centromeres of the sister chromatids in AI. Rye chromosomes 1Rv, 1Ron, 5R, and 6R induce equational division; however, rye chromosome 1Rv increases to a greater degree the frequency of equational division of wheat chromosome 1A as compared with chromosome 1Ron.
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