There has been a long controversy as to whether subjectively 'free' decisions are determined by brain activity ahead of time. We found that the outcome of a decision can be encoded in brain activity of prefrontal and parietal cortex up to 10 s before it enters awareness. This delay presumably reflects the operation of a network of high-level control areas that begin to prepare an upcoming decision long before it enters awareness.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2112 | DOI Listing |
Atten Percept Psychophys
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Senshu University, Kawasaki, Japan.
Med Biol Eng Comput
January 2025
School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, Shanghai, China.
Previous studies reported baseline state-dependent effects on neural and hemodynamic responses to transcranial ultrasound stimulation. However, due to neurovascular coupling, neither neural nor hemodynamic baseline alone can fully explain the ultrasound-induced responses. In this study, using a general linear model, we aimed to investigate the roles of both neural and hemodynamic baseline status as well as their interactions in ultrasound-induced responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Neurosci
January 2025
Sagol Department of Neuroscience, The Integrated Brain and Behavior Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
To protect the body from infections, the brain has evolved the ability to coordinate behavioral and immunological responses. The conditioned immune response (CIR) is a form of Pavlovian conditioning wherein a sensory (for example, taste) stimulus, when paired with an immunomodulatory agent, evokes aversive behavior and an anticipatory immune response after re-experiencing the taste. Although taste and its valence are represented in the anterior insular cortex and immune response in the posterior insula and although the insula is pivotal for CIRs, the precise circuitry underlying CIRs remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLab Anim (NY)
January 2025
Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
Two methods dominate the way that zebrafish larvae are euthanized after experimental procedures: anesthetic overdose and rapid cooling. Although MS-222 is easy to apply, this anesthetic takes about a minute to act and fish show aversive reactions and interindividual differences, limiting its reliability. Rapid cooling kills larvae after several hours and is not listed as an approved method in the relevant European Union directive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommun Med (Lond)
January 2025
Rare Disease Translational Center, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
Background: Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency (MSD) is a rare inherited lysosomal storage disorder characterized by loss of function mutations in the SUMF1 gene that manifests as a severe pediatric neurological disease. There are no available targeted therapies for MSD.
Methods: We engineered a viral vector (AAV9/SUMF1) to deliver working copies of the SUMF1 gene and tested the vector in Sumf1 knock out mice that generally display a median lifespan of 10 days.
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