Hollow ducts compressing and homogenizing the emission of laser diode arrays are cheap, low weight alternatives to lens ducts. An analytic model is presented describing hollow ducts including internal reflection losses, which is useful in optimizing these devices, especially in determining the optimum length for maximum transmission efficiency. As an example, a gold coated duct is presented showing high transmission efficiencies of >90% comparable to lens ducts.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.47.001740 | DOI Listing |
Cureus
December 2024
Department of Colorectal Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, AUS.
Blunt abdominal trauma frequently results in visceral injury to either solid or hollow organs; however, injury to the gallbladder is rare. This is most likely due to the anatomical position of the gallbladder, which is well-insulated posterior to the liver and rib cage. Gallbladder injuries can be in the form of avulsion, contusion, or laceration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMath Biosci
December 2024
Department of Theoretical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, Plön 24306, Germany. Electronic address:
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a precursor of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. LCIS cells lack cell-cell cohesion due to the loss of E-cadherin. LCIS cells grow in mammary lobules rather than in ducts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReumatismo
September 2024
Academic Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Health Science "Vincenzo Tiberio, " University of Molise, Campobasso.
Am J Case Rep
September 2024
Department of Pediatric General Surgery, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Microsc Res Tech
December 2024
Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Subtropical Forest Plantation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
The most prominent insect pest harming eucalyptus trees in China was Endoclita vietnamensis, which resulted in considerable losses to the environment and economy. This study examined the hair brush on the postpedes of male E. vietnamensis using transmission and scanning electron microscopy.
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