With the bleak outlook that 75% of Americans will be overweight or obese in 10 years, it is essential to find efficient help very soon. Knowledge of the powerful and complex neural systems conferring the basic drive to eat is a prerequisite for designing efficient therapies. Recent studies suggest that the cross talk between brain areas involved in cognitive, emotional, and metabolic-regulatory functions may explain why energy homeostasis breaks down for many predisposed individuals in our modern environment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00047.2007 | DOI Listing |
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Microelectronics & State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an 710049, China.
The bismuth monolayer has recently been experimentally identified as a novel platform for the investigation of two-dimensional single-element ferroelectric system. Here, we model the potential energy surface of a bismuth monolayer by employing a message-passing neural network and achieve an error smaller than 1.2 meV per atom.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
December 2024
University of Strathclyde, Institute of Photonics, SUPA Dept of Physics, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
We report a spiking flip-flop memory mechanism that allows controllably switching between neural-like excitable spike-firing and quiescent dynamics in a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) neuron under low-amplitude (<150 mV pulses) and high-speed (ns rate) inputs pulses. We also show that the timing of the set-reset input pulses is critical to elicit switching responses between spiking and quiescent regimes in the system. The demonstrated flip-flop spiking memory, in which spiking regimes can be controllably excited, stored, and inhibited in RTD neurons via specific low-amplitude, high-speed signals (delivered at proper time instants) offers high promise for RTD-based spiking neural networks, with the potential to be extended further to optoelectronic implementations where RTD neurons and RTD memory elements are deployed alongside for fast and efficient photonic-electronic neuromorphic computing and artificial intelligence hardware.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElectromagn Biol Med
January 2025
Department of Mathematics, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India.
In cardiovascular research, electromagnetic fields generated by Riga plates are utilized to study or manipulate blood flow dynamics, which is particularly crucial in developing treatments for conditions such as arterial plaque deposition and understanding blood behavior under varied flow conditions. This research predicts the flow patterns of blood enhanced with gold and maghemite nanoparticles (gold-maghemite/blood) in an electromagnetic microchannel influenced by Riga plates with a temperature gradient that decays exponentially, under sudden changes in pressure gradient. The flow modeling includes key physical influences like radiation heat emission and Darcy drag forces in porous media, with the flow mathematically represented through unsteady partial differential equations solved using the Laplace transform (LT) method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhysiol Rep
February 2025
Motion and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
The maintenance of an appropriate ratio of body fat to muscle mass is essential for the preservation of health and performance, as excessive body fat is associated with an increased risk of various diseases. Accurate body composition assessment requires precise segmentation of structures. In this study we developed a novel automatic machine learning approach for volumetric segmentation and quantitative assessment of MRI volumes and investigated the efficacy of using a machine learning algorithm to assess muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and bone volume of the thigh before and after a strength training.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe visual system of teleost fish grows continuously, which is a useful model for studying regeneration of the central nervous system. Glial cells are key for this process, but their contribution is still not well defined. We followed oligodendrocytes in the visual system of adult zebrafish during regeneration of the optic nerve at 6, 24, and 72 hours post-lesion and at 7 and 14 days post-lesion via the sox10:tagRFP transgenic line and confocal microscopy.
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