Extracellular matrix associated Sparc-like 1 (SC1/SPARCL1) can influence the function of astroglial cells in the developing and mature central nervous system (CNS). To examine SC1's significance in the CNS, we generated a BAC transgenic mouse model in which Sc1 is expressed in radial glia and their astrocyte derivatives using the astroglial-specific Blbp (Brain-lipid binding protein; [Feng et al., (1994) Neuron 12:895-908]) regulatory elements. Characterization of these Blbf-Sc1 transgenic mice show elevated Sc1 transcript and protein in an astroglial selective pattern throughout the CNS. This model provides a novel in vivo system for evaluating the role of SC1 in brain development and function, in general, and for understanding SC1's significance in the fate and function of astroglial cells, in particular.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.20666 | DOI Listing |
Neurotox Res
January 2025
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, has shown promising neuroprotective effects in several in vivo and in vitro experimental models. However, the mechanisms by which resveratrol mediates these effects are not fully understood. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain; however, excessive extracellular glutamate levels can affect neural activity in several neurological diseases.
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January 2025
Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India.
Both astroglia and microglia show region-specific distribution in CNS and often maladapt to age-associated alterations within their niche. Studies on autopsied substantia nigra (SN) of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and experimental models propose gliosis as a trigger for neuronal loss. Epidemiological studies propose an ethnic bias in PD prevalence, since Caucasians are more susceptible than non-whites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Rep
January 2025
Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skjalgssons Gate 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Algorithms in the Cortex, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address:
The brain uses a specialized system to transport cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), consisting of interconnected ventricles lined by motile ciliated ependymal cells. These cells act jointly with CSF secretion and cardiac pressure gradients to regulate CSF dynamics. To date, the link between cilia-mediated CSF flow and brain function is poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience and Zelman Center-The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
This narrative review examines lithium's effects on immune function, inflammation and cell survival, particularly in bipolar disorder (BD) in in vitro studies, animal models and clinical studies. In vitro studies show that high lithium concentrations (5 mM, beyond the therapeutic window) reduce interleukin (IL)-1β production in monocytes and enhance T-lymphocyte resistance, suggesting a protective role against cell death. Lithium modulates oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages by inhibiting nuclear factor (NF)-ƙB activity and reducing nitric oxide production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBull Exp Biol Med
December 2024
Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia.
The number of microglia cells and astrocytes in layer V of the cerebral cortex was estimated on day 7 after damage caused by a unilateral focal traumatic brain injury of the left hemisphere sensorimotor cortex. Quantitative assessment was performed by counting immunocytochemically stained microglia cells (Iba1 marker) and activated astrocytes (GFAP) at different distances from the lesion site. Activation of microglial and astroglial cells was observed not only in the marginal zone of the lesion of the left hemisphere, but also in the intact hemisphere.
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