The present study examined the prevalence of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) in pigs available in Japan using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers specific for PERV-A, PERV-B, and PERV-C and for the full-length 5' to 3' long terminal repeat and using PCR-Southern blotting with env A-, env B-, env C-, and pol/pro-specific probes. All 376 pigs tested--Berkshire (B), Landrace (L), Duroc (D), Large White (W), miniature, and genetically modified triple-cross breed (LWD)--harbored both PERV-A and PERV-B genes. However, the prevalence of PERV-C differed among pigs: LWD, miniature, B, D, W, and L pigs were 100% (36/36), 83% (5/6), 68% (129/191), 52% (26/50), 21% (9/43), and 16% (8/50), respectively. These results show that W and L pigs may be preferable as xenotransplantation donors, because they may not produce human-tropic replication-competent hybrids of PERV-A and PERV-C.
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