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Directed evolution of diacylglycerol acyltransferases 2 promotes lipids and triglyceride accumulation.
Plant Mol Biol
January 2025
College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Xi'an, 710000, China.
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is a major component of plant-neutral lipids. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) plays an important role in plant oil accumulation by catalyzing the final step of the Kennedy pathway. In this study, ten DGAT2 sequences were originating from different oil crops into the TAG-deficient yeast strain H1246, to compare their enzyme activity of oil synthesis and filter out potential amino acid residue sites for directed evolution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndurance exercise is widely recognized for its role in mitigating insulin resistance, yet the precise mechanisms remain unclear. In this Classics in Diabetes article, we revisit the article by Amati et al., "Skeletal Muscle Triglycerides, Diacylglycerols, and Ceramides in Insulin Resistance: Another Paradox in Endurance-Trained Athletes?" Published in the October 2011 issue of Diabetes, this article was among the first to highlight the nuanced roles of exercise-induced changes in bioactive lipids such as ceramide and diacylglycerol (DAG) in insulin signaling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInhibition of diacylglycerol lipase α induced blood-brain barrier breach in female Sprague-Dawley rats.
J Physiol
January 2025
College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
The endocannabinoid system's significance in maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity under physiological and pathological conditions is suggested by several reports, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In this paper, we investigated the effects of depletion of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), one of the main endocannabinoids in the central nervous system, on BBB integrity using pharmacological tools. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with the diacylglycerol lipase α (DAGLα) inhibitor LEI-106 (40 mg/kg, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCryo-EM structure and evolutionary history of the conjugation surface exclusion protein TraT.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
Conjugation plays a major role in dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes. Following transfer of IncF-like plasmids, recipients become refractory to a second wave of conjugation with the same plasmid via entry (TraS) and surface (TraT) exclusion mechanisms. Here, we show that TraT from the pKpQIL and F plasmids (TraT and TraT) exhibits plasmid surface exclusion specificity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsights into phosphatidic acid phosphatase and its potential role as a therapeutic target.
Adv Biol Regul
January 2025
Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
Phosphatidic acid phosphatase, a conserved eukaryotic enzyme that catalyzes the Mg-dependent dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid to produce diacylglycerol, has emerged as a vital regulator of lipid homeostasis. By controlling the balance of phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol, the enzyme governs the use of the lipids for synthesis of the storage lipid triacylglycerol and the membrane phospholipids needed for cell growth. The mutational, biochemical, and cellular analyses of yeast phosphatidic acid phosphatase have provided insights into the structural determinants of enzyme function with the understanding of its regulation by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.
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