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Decoding the role of ghrelin and its interactions with central signaling pathways in avian appetite regulation.
Vet Res Commun
January 2025
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Ghrelin, a peptide hormone primarily produced in the enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract, plays a vital role in regulating food intake, and energy balance in avian species. This review examines the complex interactions between ghrelin and the central signaling pathways associated with hunger regulation in birds. In contrast to mammals, where ghrelin typically promotes feeding behavior, its effects in birds appear more nuanced, exhibiting anorexigenic properties under certain conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiffuse Noxious Inhibitory Controls in Chronic Pain States: Insights from Pre-Clinical Studies.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto-i3S, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
Diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC), also known as conditioned pain modulation (CPM) in humans, is a paradigm wherein the heterotopic application of a noxious stimulus results in the attenuation of another spatially distant noxious input. The pre-clinical and clinical studies show the involvement of several neurochemical systems in DNIC/CPM and point to a major contribution of the noradrenergic, serotonergic, and opioidergic systems. Here, we thoroughly review the latest data on the monoaminergic and opioidergic studies, focusing particularly on pre-clinical models of chronic pain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Pain therapies that alleviate both pain and sleep disturbances may be the most effective for pain relief, as both chronic pain and sleep loss render the opioidergic system, targeted by opioids, less sensitive and effective for analgesia. Therefore, we first studied the link between sleep disturbances and the activation of nociceptors in two acute pain models. Activation of nociceptors in both acute inflammatory (AIP) and opto-pain models led to sleep loss, decreased sleep spindle density, and increased sleep fragmentation that lasted 3 to 6 hours.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring the antinociceptive effect of taraxasterol in mice: Possible mechanisms.
Neurosci Lett
January 2025
University of Health Sciences Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates the antinociceptive (pain-relieving) effects of taraxasterol, a compound from dandelion, and its possible mechanisms of action by looking at its impact on various pain tests in mice.
- The results showed that taraxasterol significantly increased pain relief in certain tests and that its effects were influenced by the GABAergic and opioidergic systems, as well as K channels.
- The findings suggest that taraxasterol could be a promising herbal remedy for pain management, highlighting its potential use in future treatments.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma: A promising therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic pain.
Brain Res
November 2024
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- * PPARγ, a nuclear receptor involved in metabolism, plays a role in regulating genes linked to inflammation and pain relief, with reduced levels found in areas related to chronic pain in animal studies.
- * Evidence suggests that activating PPARγ with natural or synthetic agonists can help alleviate chronic pain by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, making it a promising area for further research.
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