In July 2007, > 100 striped dolphins, Stenella coeruleoalba, were found dead along the coast of the Spanish Mediterranean. Of 10 dolphins tested, 7 were positive for a virus strain closely related to the dolphin morbillivirus that was isolated during a previous epizootic in 1990.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1403.071230 | DOI Listing |
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Coinfection with Dolphin Morbillivirus (DMV) and Gammaherpesvirus in a Spinner Dolphin () Stranded in Sri Lanka.
Viruses
October 2024
Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
Following the X-Press Pearl maritime disaster off the coast of Sri Lanka, a stranded spinner dolphin () was recovered, and the cause of death was investigated. Post-mortem examinations revealed evidence of by-catch, but a natural coinfection with dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) and gammaherpesvirus was detected by further analyses, marking the first documented case of a dual viral infection in this species within the region. Molecular diagnostics, including PCR and sequencing, were performed on tissue imprints collected on FTA cards, confirming the presence of DMV in the prescapular lymph node and gammaherpesvirus in the lesions in the oral cavity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHerpesvirus surveillance in stranded striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) and bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from Italy with emphasis on neuropathological characterization.
PLoS One
October 2024
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta-WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Health of Marine Mammals, Turin, Italy.
Herpesvirus (HV) is widely distributed among cetacean populations, with the highest prevalence reported in the Mediterranean Sea. In this study, a comprehensive analysis was conducted, including epidemiological, phylogenetic, and pathological aspects, with particular emphasis on neuropathology, to better understand the impact of HV in these animals. Our results show a higher presence of HV in males compared to females, with males exhibiting a greater number of positive tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolyomavirus surveillance in cetaceans of Brazil: first detection of polyomavirus in Guiana dolphins ().
Vet Q
December 2024
Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), CSIC, Valdeolmos, Spain.
Polyomaviruses (PyVs) are small double-stranded DNA viruses able to infect species across all vertebrate taxa. In cetaceans, PyVs have been reported only in short-beaked common dolphin (), common bottlenose dolphin () and killer whale (). Herein, we surveyed PyV in 119 cetaceans (29 mysticetes and 90 odontocetes) stranded along the Brazilian coast, from 2002 to 2022, comprising 18 species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFirst Detection of Gammacoronavirus in a Striped Dolphin () from the Adriatic Sea.
Animals (Basel)
September 2024
Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- - A free-ranging striped dolphin stranded on the Croatian coast in 2022 was found to have the first-ever molecularly identified gammacoronavirus, alongside a cetacean morbillivirus infection.
- - Genetic analysis of the virus showed an 8% difference from known cetacean gammacoronaviruses, suggesting it might be a new or distinct strain.
- - This study emphasizes the need for regular testing for gammacoronaviruses in stranded dolphins to better understand their impact on cetacean health and contribute to disease monitoring in wild marine mammals.
Central Nervous System Disorders of Marine Mammals: Models for Human Disease?
Pathogens
August 2024
Former Professor of General Pathology and Veterinary Pathophysiology, Veterinary Medical Faculty, University of Teramo, Località Piano d'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
This article deals with Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders of marine mammals as putative neuropathology and neuropathogenesis models for their human and, to some extent, their animal "counterparts" in a dual "One Health" and "Translational Medicine" perspective. Within this challenging context, special emphasis is placed upon Alzheimer's disease (AD), provided that AD-like pathological changes have been reported in the brain tissue of stranded cetacean specimens belonging to different Odontocete species. Further examples of potential comparative pathology interest are represented by viral infections and, in particular, by "Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis" (SSPE), a rare neurologic in patients infected with (MeV).
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