Conventional switching systems connect each input channel to one output channel. Broadcasting systems permit the connection of each input channel to more than a single output. A broadcast 2 x 2 switch is presented. This switch is an extension of the standard bypass-exchange switch. It allows for the broadcasting of the inputs in addition to the conventional modes. Multistage interconnection networks can be constructed with this switch as the basic building block. Such networks will extend their capabilities, allowing for broadcasting features. Three implementations of this type are described, and experimental results for the 2 x 2 switch are also presented.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.38.006103 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Statistical-based detection of pilot contamination attack for NOMA in 5G networks.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computers and Information, Assiut University, Assiut, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
Fifth-generation (5G) communication technologies, such as millimeter wave communication, massive multiple-input-multiple-output and non-orthogonal-multiple-access (NOMA) are playing a pivotal role in promoting the modern applications of the Internet-of-Things. Using non-orthogonal resource allocation, NOMA can increase spectrum efficiency and achieve wide connectivity with low transmission delay and signaling cost. Despite the high potential of NOMA in 5G communications, NOMA is susceptible to a pilot contamination attack (PCA), in which an attacker resents the same pilot signals as authorized users.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFK1 channels enable myelinated axons to transmit spikes reliably without spiking ectopically.
J Neurosci
January 2025
Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Action potentials (spikes) are regenerated at each node of Ranvier during saltatory transmission along a myelinated axon. The high density of voltage-gated sodium channels required by nodes to reliably transmit spikes increases the risk of ectopic spike generation in the axon. Here we show that ectopic spiking is avoided because K1 channels prevent nodes from responding to slow depolarization; instead, axons respond selectively to rapid depolarization because K1 channels implement a high-pass filter.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrecise Measurement of the e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} Cross Section at Center-of-Mass Energies from Threshold to 4.95 GeV.
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China.
Using the e^{+}e^{-} collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, at center-of-mass energies from the threshold to 4.95 GeV, we present precise measurements of the cross section for the process e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} using a single-tag method. The resulting cross section line shape exhibits several new structures, thereby offering an input for a future coupled-channel analysis and model tests, which are critical to understand vector charmonium-like states with masses between 4 and 5 GeV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe breakthroughs in communication distance and data rate have been eagerly anticipated by scientists in the area of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC), which is seriously limited by the obvious aquatic attenuation in underwater channels. The high-power laser source and ultra-sensitive photodetector are straightforward in extending the UWOC distance. However, nonlinear impairments caused by bandwidth-limited high-power transmitters and sensitive receivers severely degrade the data rate of long-distance UWOC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe study of gain clamping in broadband bismuth-doped fiber amplifiers (BDFA) not only helps to solve the gain instability problem due to the variation of the number of optical multiplexing channels but also is an effective way to extend the amplifier's operating bandwidth to improve the communication capacity. In this paper, we illustrate the advantages of linear cavity gain clamping through simulation. Using simulation to guide the experiments, we propose a BDFA with tunable linear-cavity gain clamping and incorporate a variable optical attenuator (VOA) in the linear cavity to enhance the flexibility of gain control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!