Alternating current (ac) electrokinetic motion of colloidal particles suspended in an aqueous medium and subjected to a spatially nonuniform ac electric field are examined using a simple theoretical model that considers the relative magnitudes of dielectrophoresis, electrophoresis, ac-electroosmosis, and Brownian motion. Dominant electrokinetic forces are explained as a function of the electric field frequency, amplitude, and conductivity of the suspending medium for given material properties and geometry. Parametric experimental validations of the model are conducted utilizing interdigitated microelectrodes with polystyrene and gold particles and Clostridium sporogenes bacterial spores. The theoretical model provides quantitative descriptions of ac electrokinetic transport for the given target species in a wide spectrum of electric field amplitude and frequency and medium conductivity. The presented model can be used as an effective framework for design and optimization of ac electrokinetic devices.
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