Congenital diseases of the eyes is the most frequent cause of vision reduction in children and one of the major causes of invalidity for poor sight. The aim of the present study was analysis of the causes of congenital ocular diseases in children in Kazakhstan. Results of prophylactic examinations at some rural districts of the republic evidence that refraction abnormalities rank first in the structure of congenital ocular diseases, oculomotor system abnormalities second, and defects of the eyelids and lacrimal tract, third. Congenital diseases of the eye make up 29-42 percent of all ocular diseases in children. Hospital records evidence a 45 percent incidence of congenital diseases of the eye. Lenticular abnormalities rank first, oculomotor system pathology second, and eyelid diseases third in the structure of congenital diseases of the eyes.
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