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The protozoon Naegleria fowleri (N. fowleri) is a free-living amoeba that produces primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), which is an acute and frequently fatal infection of the central nervous system. We characterized the strains of N. fowleri isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of two cases presented in northwestern Mexico. The strains were isolated and cultured in 2% bactocasitone medium. Enflagellation assays, ultrastructural analysis, protein and protease electrophoresis patterns, and PCR were performed as confirmatory tests. Virulence tests were done using in Balb/c mice. Light microscopy analysis of brain tissue showed amoebae with abundant inflammatory reaction and extensive necrotic and hemorrhagic areas. The enflagellation assay was positive and the electron microscopy showed trophozoites with morphologic features typical of the genus. Protein and protease profiles of the isolated strains were identical to the reference strain. Finally, a 1500-bp PCR product was found in all three strains. Based on all the analyses performed, we concluded that the etiologic agent of both PAM cases was N. fowleri. The need for better epidemiological information and educational programs about basic clinical and pathological aspects of free-living amoebae provided by the health authorities are emphasized.
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Microb Pathog
December 2024
Diamond Harbour Women's University, Department of Zoology, Sarisha, West Bengal, 743368, India. Electronic address:
Naegleria fowleri, is the causative agent of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), a lethal acute brain inflammation with high mortality. The virulent and reproductively active trophozoite stage of N. fowleri migrates to central nervous system (CNS) by entering through nasal passage and causes severe neural infection, brain disease and inflammation with high mortality.
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Neuroscience Center, King Fahed Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Parasites Hosts Dis
November 2024
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Arkansas State University, PO Box 910, State University, AR 72467, USA.
Naegleria fowleri, a brain-eating amoeba, thrives in lakes and rivers with aquatic vegetation and causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in humans. Most recently, it has become such a serious problem that N. fowleri was detected in tap water in Houston, USA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
November 2024
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China. Electronic address:
Free-living amoebae (FLA) are prevalent in drinking water distribution networks (DWDNs), yet our understanding of FLA community dynamics and assembly mechanisms in DWDNs remains limited. This study characterized the occurrence patterns of amoeba communities and identified key factors influencing their assembly across four full-scale DWDNs in three Chinese cities, each utilizing different disinfectants (chlorine, chloramine, and chlorine dioxide). High-throughput sequencing of full-length 18S rRNA genes revealed highly diverse FLA communities and an array of rare FLA species in DWDNs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Microbiol
November 2024
Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Background: (), a rare and typically lethal amoeba, most commonly causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). This case report describes an exceptionally rare presentation of fulminant myocarditis as the primary manifestation in a 6-year-old child, diverging from the typical neurological pathogenesis associated with infection. Beyond neurological afflictions, the child developed arrhythmias and cardiac failure, necessitating treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!