Several sputtered Ni/C multilayer mirrors with periods between 3.8 and 6.0 nm were investigated with the HASYLAB reflectometer to determine the peak reflectivity and the internal structure of the multilayers. The enhanced reflectivity in the Bragg maximum, especially below 284 eV (carbon K edge), is interesting for practical applications. For both materials (Ni and C), the optical constants were previously obtained from angular-dependent reflectivity measurements. The layer thicknesses, interface roughnesses, and mean thickness errors of multilayer mirrors are obtained from least-squares fits of theoretical reflectivity curves. A model is presented to describe the influence of interface roughness on other parameters obtained from the analysis. All Ni/C multilayers, with Ar as the sputter gas, were produced in the low-pressure triode-assisted sputtering facility of Sincrotrone Trieste.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.36.006329 | DOI Listing |
JAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
Importance: Limited research explores mental health disparities between individuals in sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations and cisgender heterosexual (non-SGM) populations using national-level data.
Objective: To explore mental health disparities between SGM and non-SGM populations across sexual orientation, sex assigned at birth, and gender identity within the All of Us Research Program.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used survey data and linked electronic health records of eligible All of Us Research Program participants from May 31, 2017, to June 30, 2022.
JAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Importance: Obesity, a chronic disease with escalating global prevalence, poses considerable health risks. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), including liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide, have demonstrated efficacy for weight loss in clinical trials. The paradigm shift in the approach to obesity management drugs (OMDs) may offer an opportunity to examine online search activity and prescription trends.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAging Clin Exp Res
January 2025
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
Background: Falls on stairs are a major cause of severe injuries among older adults, with stair descent posing significantly greater risks than ascent. Variations in stair descent phenotypes may reflect differences in physical function and biomechanical stability, and their identification may prevent falls.
Aims: This study aims to classify stair descent phenotypes in older adults and investigate the biomechanical and physical functional differences between these phenotypes using hierarchical cluster analysis.
Int Urol Nephrol
January 2025
Department of Urology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
Purpose: Urinary cytokine changes may serve as biomarkers to assess treatment outcomes for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). This study analyzed the changes in urinary cytokines following various bladder therapies and explored their clinical significance in therapeutic mechanisms.
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Pain
January 2025
Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Music has long been recognized as a noninvasive and cost-effective means of reducing pain. However, the selection of music for pain relief often relies on intuition rather than on a scientific understanding of the impact of basic musical attributes on pain perception. This study examines how a fundamental element of music-tempo-affects its pain-relieving properties.
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