With the present experiment we sought to investigate brain plasticity underlying language recovery in a group of seventeen patients with non-fluent aphasia mainly caused by stroke. Patients were screened along three domains of measures: analysis of linguistic components by the Aachener Aphasie Test, combined mapping of their lesion from CT/MRI scans, and functional measure of the reorganized linguistic processes by means of mapping of slow evoked potentials. The spatial dimension and temporal dynamics of word processing were measured in three tasks, Phonological, Semantic and Orthographic. Compared with the matched control group, patients showed relative inhibition (decreased negativity) of left central regions in perisylvian areas, which were damaged in most subjects. In addition, reorganization of linguistic functions occurred within the left hemisphere both at frontal and posterior sites corresponding to spared brain regions. Correlations between linguistic lateralization in the three tasks and AAT subtests point to functional reorganization of phonological processes over left frontal sites and dysfunctional reorganization of semantic processing over left posterior regions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.012 | DOI Listing |
J Neurosci
January 2025
Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Action potentials (spikes) are regenerated at each node of Ranvier during saltatory transmission along a myelinated axon. The high density of voltage-gated sodium channels required by nodes to reliably transmit spikes increases the risk of ectopic spike generation in the axon. Here we show that ectopic spiking is avoided because K1 channels prevent nodes from responding to slow depolarization; instead, axons respond selectively to rapid depolarization because K1 channels implement a high-pass filter.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Physiol
January 2025
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Paris, France.
Fañanas cells (FCs) are cerebellar glia of unknown function. First described more than a century ago, they have been almost absent from the scientific literature ever since. Here, we combined whole-cell, patch clamp recordings, near-UV laser photolysis, dye-loading and confocal imaging for a first characterization of FCs in terms of their morphology, electrophysiology and glutamate-evoked currents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
Loud noise exposure is one of the leading causes of permanent hearing loss. Individuals with noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) suffer from speech comprehension deficits and experience impairments to cognitive functions such as attention and decision-making. Here, we investigate the specific underlying cognitive processes during auditory perceptual decision-making that are impacted by NIHL.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Robot
January 2025
Sony Computer Science Laboratories Inc. (Sony CSL), Tokyo, Japan.
For trained individuals such as athletes and musicians, learning often plateaus after extensive training, known as the "ceiling effect." One bottleneck to overcome it is having no prior physical experience with the skill to be learned. Here, we challenge this issue by exposing expert pianists to fast and complex finger movements that cannot be performed voluntarily, using a hand exoskeleton robot that can move individual fingers quickly and independently.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurosci Lett
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of ICT Convergence Engineering, College of Science & Technology, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 27478, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Laser-induced plasma technology provides a novel method for generating tactile sensations without physical contact, offering precise and controlled stimulation. However, the impact of varying energy levels on human cognitive and perceptual responses is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to present tactile sensations using laser-induced plasma in a non-contact manner and investigate the cognitive characteristics linked to changes in the plasma's energy parameters, specifically Pulse Width (PW) and Set Current (SC).
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