Self-experimentation is uncommon in the decision sciences, but mental experiments are common; for example, intuition and introspection are often used by theoretical economists as justifications for their models. While introspection can be useful for the generation of ideas, it can also be overused and become a comfortable illusion for the theorist and an obstacle for science.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X04340069 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized the importance of ensuring respectful and dignified childbirth experiences. However, many countries, including Rwanda, have documented negative experiences during childbirth. Identifying best practices can help uncover sustainable solutions for resource-limited settings rather than focusing solely on the challenges and negative aspects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
School of Psychological Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Self-reports are used ubiquitously to probe people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and inform medical decisions, enterprise operations, and government policy and legislation. Despite their pervasive use, self-report measures such as Likert scales have a profound problem: Standard analytic approaches do not control for the confounding effects of idiosyncratic response biases. Here, we present a model-based solution to this problem.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Travel Med
January 2025
Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Background: Febrile illness in returned travelers presents a diagnostic challenge in non-endemic settings. Chat generative pretrained transformer (ChatGPT) has the potential to assist in medical tasks, yet its diagnostic performance in clinical settings has rarely been evaluated. We conducted a preliminary validation assessment of ChatGPT-4o's performance in the workup of fever in returning travelers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnnu Rev Psychol
January 2025
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Planning has been studied in different fields of psychology, including cognitive, developmental, personality, social, and work and organizational research. This article looks at the planning process through the lens of motivation science, and asks the question, What kind of planning can help people reach their goals? We focus on the strategy of making if-then plans (also known as forming implementation intentions). We discuss what kinds of cognitive performance can be enhanced by if-then planning (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetes Obes Metab
January 2025
Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland.
Background: Metabolic-bariatric surgery (MBS) transcends weight loss and offers wide-ranging health benefits, including positive effects on brain function. However, the mechanisms behind these effects remain unclear, particularly in the context of significant postoperative changes in the inflammatory profile characteristic of MBS. Understanding how inflammation influences postoperative brain function can enhance our decision-making on patient eligibility for MBS and create new opportunities to improve the outcomes of this popular treatment.
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