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The diversity and abundance of diagenetic textures observed in sedimentary rocks of the clay-sulfate transition recorded in the stratigraphic record of Gale crater are distinctive within the rover's traverse. This study catalogs all textures observed by the MAHLI instrument, including their abundances, morphologies, and cross-cutting relationships in order to suggest a paragenetic sequence in which multiple episodes of diagenetic fluid flow were required to form co-occurring color variations, pits, and nodules; secondary nodule populations; and two generations of Ca sulfate fracture-filling vein precipitation. Spatial heterogeneities in the abundance and diversity of these textures throughout the studied stratigraphic section loosely correlate with stratigraphic unit, suggesting that grain size and compaction controls on fluid pathways influenced their formation; these patterns are especially prevalent in the Pontours member, where primary stratigraphy is entirely overprinted by a nodular fabric, and the base of the stratigraphic section, where increased textural diversity may be influenced by the underlying less permeable clay-bearing rocks of the Glen Torridon region.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWheat field earthworms under divergent farming systems across a European climate gradient.
Ecol Appl
January 2025
Section for Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain.
Earthworms are a key faunal group in agricultural soils, but little is known on how farming systems affect their communities across wide climatic gradients and how farming system choice might mediate earthworms' exposure to climate conditions. Here, we studied arable soil earthworm communities on wheat fields across a European climatic gradient, covering nine pedo-climatic zones, from Mediterranean to Boreal (S to N) and from Lusitanian to Pannonian (W to E). In each zone, 20-25 wheat fields under conventional or organic farming were sampled.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobial necromass carbon contributed to soil organic carbon accumulation and stabilization in the newly formed inland wetlands.
Environ Res
January 2025
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China. Electronic address:
Inland wetlands might be an important "carbon sink", and the chronosequence development of newly formed inland wetlands offers a natural and suitable opportunity for studying the dynamic effect of plant and microbial necromass carbon (PlantC and MNC) on the soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization. The space-for-time chronosequence approach was used and plots were established in the three ages of newly formed inland wetlands (2, 5, and 16 years). Soil samples were collected in the surface (0-10 cm) and subsurface soil (20-30 cm).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of nature-based solutions on sustainable development goals in Mediterranean agroecosystems: A meta-analysis.
J Environ Manage
December 2024
Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 9101, 6700 HB, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address:
Mediterranean agroecosystems' vulnerability to hydroclimatic extremes threatens their resilience and sustainability. Nature-based Solutions present a sustainable strategy to address global challenges. This meta-analysis of 70 studies developed in Mediterranean climates identified solutions to improve soil health and water quality in agroecosystems by estimating their effects on soil organic matter, organic carbon, water, erosion, and Kjeldahl nitrogen, total nitrogen, nitrate, total phosphorus, phosphate, and suspended solids, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEfficient Photon Beam Diffusion for Directional Subsurface Scattering.
IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph
August 2024
Article Synopsis
- Real-time subsurface scattering techniques help render translucent materials but face challenges with translucency and illumination details using existing methods.
- A new algorithm is introduced that enhances the photon beam diffusion (PBD) model by integrating refracted beams in real-time scattering estimation and utilizing adaptive sampling for better efficiency.
- The modified approach provides more accurate front-face lighting and backlit effects while achieving faster performance compared to traditional large-distance methods.
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