Setting: Patients were enrolled in a prospective trial of rifabutin-based tuberculosis (TB) treatment for human immunodeficiency virus related TB. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was encouraged, but not required.
Objective: To evaluate the frequency, risk factors and duration of immune reconstitution events.
Design: Patients were prospectively evaluated for immune reconstitution events, and all adverse event reports were reviewed to identify possible unrecognized events.
Results: Of 169 patients, 25 (15%) developed immune reconstitution events related to TB. All 25 were among the 137 patients who received ART during TB treatment, so the frequency in this subgroup was 18% (25/137). Risk factors for an immune reconstitution event in multivariate analysis were Black race, the presence of extra-pulmonary TB and a shorter interval from initiation of TB treatment to initiation of ART. The most common clinical manifestations were fever (64%), new or worsening adenopathy (52%) and worsening pulmonary infiltrates (40%). Twelve patients (48%) were hospitalized for a median of 7 days, six underwent surgery and 11 had needle aspiration. The median duration of events was 60 days (range 11-442).
Conclusion: Immune reconstitution events were common among patients receiving ART during TB treatment, produced substantial morbidity and had a median duration of 2 months.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using post-transplant cyclophosphamide in patients with inborn errors of immunity: Experience in a reference center in Colombia.
Biomedica
December 2024
acultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia; Servicio de Alergología e Inmunología Pediátrica, Departamento Materno-Infantil, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.
Introduction: Inborn errors of immunity is a diverse group of rare diseases caused by over 400 genetic mutations affecting the immune system and increasing infection susceptibility, autoimmunity, and malignancy. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation offers a curative option for some inborn errors of immunity, with haploidentical donors providing a viable alternative when identical donors are unavailable.
Objective: To determine survival, usefulness of weekly chimerism monitoring, immune reconstitution, and complications in patients with inborn errors of immunity who underwent haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at a reference center in Colombia.
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome-Induced Thrombocytopenia in a Patient With HIV and Coccidioidomycosis.
Cureus
December 2024
Internal Medicine, Kern Medical, Bakersfield, USA.
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is imperative in managing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. HAART aims to inhibit viral replication and improve immunity. Antiretroviral therapy has led to significant improvement in CD4-T cell counts and reductions in viral load, leading to improved overall immune function, increased survival, and decreased frequency of opportunistic infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCryptococcal-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (C-IRIS) is a clinical worsening or new presentation of cryptococcal disease following the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. C-IRIS is primarily driven by an influx of pathological CD4 T cells, which triggers a hyperinflammatory response. The murine model of C-IRIS is a way to study the disease in mice and understand how the immune system triggers life-threatening outcomes in patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOcular Manifestations of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV after Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: Clinical Use of CD8+ T cell.
Korean J Ophthalmol
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.
Purpose: To investigate ocular manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients after starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and its relationship to T cell immunity.
Methods: HIV patients with ocular IRIS after HAART were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical presentations with previous opportunistic infection, duration from initiation of HAART to IRIS, blood CD4+, CD8+ T cell count, and HIV RNA copies before HAART and at IRIS were analyzed.
In vitro ILC differentiation from human HSCs.
Methods Cell Biol
January 2025
Innate Lymphoid Cells Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
The Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) are a family of innate immune cells composed by the Natural Killer (NK) cells and the helper ILCs (hILCs) (ILC1, ILC2, ILC3), both developing from a common ILC precursor (ILCP) derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). A correct ILC reconstitution is crucial, particularly in patients receiving HSC transplantation (HSCT), the only therapeutic option for many adult and pediatric high-risk hematological malignancies. Indeed, mainly thanks to their cytotoxic activity, NK cells have a strong Graft-versus-Leukemia (GvL) effect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!