Short-range fluorescence quenching has proven to be an effective method to detect the presence of coexisting ordered and disordered state lipid domains in model membranes. In this approach a fluorescent group and fluorescence-quenching molecule are incorporated into the lipid bilayer of interest. In a typical experiment, the fluorophore chosen partitions into ordered domains to a significant degree, whereas the quencher partitions more favorably into disordered domains. Thus, in the presence of lipid mixtures forming coexisting ordered and disordered domains, fluorophore and quencher segregate so that fluorescence intensity is much stronger than in homogeneous lipid bilayers lacking separate domains. The small nitroxide-labeled molecule tempo (2,2,6,6 tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) is a useful quencher for such experiments. Protocols for using tempo to detect ordered domains and ordered domain thermal stability are described. The advantages and disadvantages of use of tempo as opposed to nitroxide-labeled lipids are also described.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-513-8_4 | DOI Listing |
Viruses
November 2024
Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM UA16, 13015 Marseille, France.
Most studies on the docking of ivermectin on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 concern the receptor binding domain (RBD) and, more precisely, the RBD interface recognized by the ACE2 receptor. The N-terminal domain (NTD), which controls the initial attachment of the virus to lipid raft gangliosides, has not received the attention it deserves. In this study, we combined molecular modeling and physicochemical approaches to analyze the mode of interaction of ivermectin with the interface of the NTD-facing lipid rafts of the host cell membrane.
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December 2024
Electronics and Communication Department, Faculty of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35511, Egypt.
In order for cognitive radios to identify and take advantage of unused frequency bands, spectrum sensing is essential. Conventional techniques for spectrum sensing rely on extracting features from received signals at specific locations. However, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have recently demonstrated promise in improving the precision and efficacy of spectrum sensing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic disease, the prevalence of which has been increasing in recent years. And the prevalence of patients who test negative with existing diagnostic techniques remains high. It was found that the antigenic BCOADC-E2 protein could detect patients with a negative original test.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China.
Adventitious root (AR) formation in plants originates from non-root organs such as leaves and hypocotyls. Auxin signaling is essential for AR formation, but the roles of other phytohormones are less clear. In , at least two distinct mechanisms can produce ARs, either from hypocotyls as part of the general root architecture or from wounded organs during de novo root regeneration (DNRR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLife (Basel)
November 2024
Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
DNA polymerases from the hyperthermophilic Archaea have attracted considerable attention as PCR enzymes due to their high thermal stability and proofreading 3' → 5' exonuclease activity. This study is the first to report data concerning the purification and biochemical characteristics of the Tst DNA polymerase from . Both the wild type Tst(wt) DNA polymerase and its chimeric form containing the P36H substitution-which reduces the enzyme's affinity for the U-containing template and dUTP-and the DNA-binding domain Sso7d from were obtained and analyzed.
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