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Constraining the history of water and climate on Mars through light element stable isotope analysis of volatiles in returned martian samples.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom.
Much has been learned about Mars through data returned from space missions and analyses of martian meteorites. There are, however, many questions still outstanding which cannot currently be answered-including the issue of whether there is, or was, life on Mars. The return of a cache of samples-including of the atmosphere-from separate locations in Jezero Crater and with differing petrogeneses will provide the international community with the opportunity to explore part of the evolutionary history of Mars in great detail.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA successful positron emission tomography imaging program involving carbon-11 radiotracers demands fast, efficient, and reliable synthesis methods, requiring an on-site cyclotron and radiochemistry group, as well as clinical staff trained to operate under the unique constraints of the carbon-11 radionuclide. This study examines the merits and advantages of a captive solvent 'loop method' of radiolabeling four tracers with the carbon-11 radionuclide, producing the radioligands [C]ER-176, [C]MRB, [C]mHED, and [C]PiB. The 'loop method' is compared against the traditional reactor-based method of carbon-11 methylation in the course of synthesizing the same radiotracers on the identical automated platform.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMidinfrared Cavity-Enhanced Two-Photon Absorption Spectroscopy for Selective Detection of Trace Gases.
Anal Chem
January 2025
Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China.
Detection of trace gases, such as radioactive carbon dioxide, clumped isotopes, and reactive radicals, is of great interest and poses significant challenges in various fields. Achieving both high selectivity and high sensitivity is essential in this context. We present a highly selective molecular spectroscopy method based on comb-locked, mid-infrared, cavity-enhanced, two-photon absorption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrophic ecology in an anchialine cave: A stable isotope study.
PLoS One
January 2025
Colección Nacional de Crustáceos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Article Synopsis
- Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) are valuable tools in ecology for tracing energy flows in food webs, particularly in underexplored ecosystems like anchialine caves.
- Sampling at Cenote Vaca Ha in Mexico revealed insights into the nutrient sources for seven endemic stygobitic species, highlighting that isotopic patterns are consistent over time despite some variation.
- The study identified shrimp Typhlatya pearsei as a crucial species linking chemosynthetic microbial production to the anchialine food web, indicating a stable ecosystem reliant on bacterial sources for energy.
The hidden role of heterotrophic bacteria in early carbonate diagenesis.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Ali I. Al-Naimi Petroleum Engineering Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
Microbial impacts on early carbonate diagenesis, particularly the formation of Mg-carbonates at low temperatures, have long eluded scientists. Our breakthrough laboratory experiments with two species of halophilic aerobic bacteria and marine carbonate grains reveal that these bacteria created a distinctive protodolomite (disordered dolomite) rim around the grains. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed the protodolomite formation, while solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealed bacterial interactions with carboxylated organic matter, such as extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).
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