Phytochromes are light-sensing pigments found in plants and bacteria. For the first time, the P(fr) photoreaction of a phytochrome has been subject to ultrafast infrared vibrational spectroscopy. Three time constants of 0.3 ps, 1.3 ps, and 4.0 ps were derived from the kinetics of structurally specific marker bands of the biliverdin chromophore of Agp1-BV from Agrobacterium tumefaciens after excitation at 765 nm. VIS-pump-VIS-probe experiments yield time constants of 0.44 ps and 3.3 ps for the underlying electronic-state dynamics. A reaction scheme is proposed including two kinetic steps on the S(1) excited-state surface and the cooling of a vibrationally hot P(fr) ground state. It is concluded that the upper limit of the E-Z isomerization of the C(15) = C(16) methine bridge is given by the intermediate time constant of 1.3 ps. The reaction scheme is reminiscent of that of the corresponding P(r) reaction of Agp1-BV as published earlier.
The ArdA DNA-mimic antirestriction proteins inhibit type I restriction-modification (RMI) systems by binding instead of DNA to RMI. The ArdA specificity to DNA methylation sites recognized by RMI complexes remains poorly understood; i.e.
China National Permanent Scientific Research Base for Warm Temperate Zone Forestry of Jiulong Mountain, Experimental Centre of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 102300, China.
, C. Wang & Chang Y. Yang, a desert-adapted shrub, is recognized for its exceptional drought tolerance and plays a vital role in ecosystem maintenance.
Oil palm ( Jacq.) is the most efficient oil-producing crop globally, yet progress in its research has been hampered by the lack of effective genetic transformation systems. The gene, encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, has been used as a transgenic selection marker in various crops, including rice and soybean.
Unlabelled: Antivirulence strategies have emerged as next-generation therapies that are now becoming refractory to the use of traditional antimicrobial approaches. Considering the global medical burden associated with infections, there is a pressing need to explore therapeutic alternatives. In this direction, the current study was aimed at investigating the combinational effects of α-terpineol (α-T) and terpinen-4-ol (T-4-ol), the principal bioactive components of tea tree oil, against .
Microbial evolution is typically studied in monocultures or in communities of competing species. But microbes do not always compete and how positive inter-species interactions drive evolution is less clear: Initially facilitative communities may either evolve increased mutualism, increased reliance on certain species according to the Black Queen Hypothesis (BQH), or weaker interactions and resource specialization. To distinguish between these outcomes, we evolved four species for 44 weeks either alone or together in a toxic pollutant.
