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Perindopril Ameliorates Sodium Valproate-Induced Rat Model of Autism: Involvement of Sirtuin-1, JAK2/STAT3 Axis, PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Pathway, and PPAR-Gamma Signaling.
Medicina (Kaunas)
November 2024
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
Autism is a developmental disability characterized by impairment of motor functions and social communication together with the development of repetitive or stereotyped behaviors. Neither the exact etiology or the curative treatment of autism are yet completely explored. The goals of this study were to evaluate the possible effects of perindopril on a rat model of autism and to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms that may contribute to these effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFValproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy in neurosurgical patients: Our experience and systematic literature review.
Neurosurg Rev
November 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Article Synopsis
- Sodium valproate is commonly used to treat seizures, chronic pain, and bipolar disorder, but it can cause severe side effects like valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy (VHE), which is life-threatening.
- A study reviewed four neurosurgical patients who developed VHE after using valproate for seizure prevention, revealing a 50% mortality rate and indicating that prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial.
- Treatment involved discontinuing valproate and, in some cases, dialysis; half of the patients experienced clinical improvement after normalization of ammonia levels.
A microRNA signature for valproate-induced steatosis in human hepatocytes and its application to predict fatty liver in paediatric epileptic patients on valproate therapy.
Toxicology
December 2024
Department Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Spain; Experimental Hepatology Joint Research Unit. IIS Hospital La Fe. Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- - Valproate (VPA), commonly prescribed for epilepsy in children, can lead to liver issues like hepatic steatosis, but many cases may go unnoticed due to a lack of specific biomarkers.
- - The study aimed to demonstrate that VPA causes triglyceride accumulation in liver cells and to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) linked to this effect as potential non-invasive biomarkers for liver steatosis in children.
- - The researchers found that certain miRNAs were significantly altered in children taking VPA, and this signature identified 18 patients at risk for liver steatosis, highlighting a connection between high VPA levels, younger age, and liver enzyme changes.
Moringa oleifera hydroalcoholic leaf extracts mitigate valproate-induced oxidative status in the extraorbital lacrimal gland in a rat model.
Exp Eye Res
November 2024
Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkiye. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- - Dysfunction of the extraorbital lacrimal gland (ELG) can damage the cornea and lead to vision loss, prompting a study on the effects of sodium valproate (SV) and Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) on rats.
- - Results showed that SV treatment led to decreased antioxidant levels and increased oxidative stress, while M. oleifera extract treatment improved antioxidant status and reduced oxidative stress markers in rats also receiving SV.
- - Protein analysis indicated that Moringa extract reversed some negative effects seen in SV-treated rats, highlighting its potential protective properties against oxidative damage related to SV use.
Acetyl-l-carnitine alleviates valproate-induced autism-like behaviors through attenuation of hippocampal mitochondrial dysregulation.
Neuroscience
October 2024
Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:
This study aimed to evaluate the potential benefits of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) in the context of valproate-induced autism. After prenatal exposure to valproate (VPA; 600 mg/kg, i.p.
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