Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
PDGF-C is a potent mitogen for fibroblasts . Transgenic PDGF-C overexpression in the heart or liver induces organ fibrosis, and PDGF-C expression is upregulated at sites of interstitial fibrosis in human and rat kidneys; however, the effect of inhibiting PDGF-C on the development of renal fibrosis is unknown. Renal fibrosis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and then mice were treated with neutralizing anti–PDGF-C antiserum or nonspecific IgG. An increase in PDGF-C expression was observed in fibrotic areas after UUO, contributed in large part by infiltrating macrophages. Treatment with anti–PDGF-C reduced renal fibrosis by 30% at day 5 and reduced interstitial myofibroblast accumulation by 57%. , PDGF-C was a potent mitogen for renal fibroblasts and induced chemokine expression. , anti–PDGF-C treatment produced a decrease in the expression of the renal chemokines CCL2 and CCL5 (85 and 67% reductions, respectively), accompanied by a significant decrease in leukocyte infiltration and CCR2 mRNA expression. Further supporting a role of PDGF-C in renal fibrosis, PDGF-C mice demonstrated a reduction in fibrosis and leukocyte infiltration in response to UUO compared with wild-type littermates. In conclusion, specific neutralization or lack of PDGF-C reduces the development of renal inflammation and fibrosis in obstructed mouse kidneys. Leukocyte-derived PDGF-C induces chemokine expression, which may lead to the recruitment of additional leukocytes, creating an amplification loop for renal inflammation and fibrosis.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2396746 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2007030290 | DOI Listing |
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!