Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
The role of the angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor in cardiac hypertrophy remains controversial. We studied the effects of AT2 receptors on chronic pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic mice selectively overexpressing AT2 receptors in ventricular myocytes. Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was induced by ascending aorta banding (AS). Transgenic mice overexpressing AT2 (AT2TG-AS) and nontransgenic mice (NTG-AS) were studied after 70 days of aortic banding. Nonbanded NTG mice were used as controls. LV function was determined by catheterization via LV puncture and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. LV myocyte diameter and interstitial collagen were determined by confocal microscopy. Atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were analyzed by Northern blot. Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial NOS, ERK1/2, p70S6K, Src-homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1, and protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2A were analyzed by Western blot. LV myocyte diameter and collagen were significantly reduced in AT2TG-AS compared with NTG-AS mice. LV anterior and posterior wall thickness were not different between AT2TG-AS and NTG-AS mice. LV systolic and diastolic dimensions were significantly higher in AT2TG-AS than in NTG-AS mice. LV systolic pressure and end-diastolic pressure were lower in AT2TG-AS than in NTG-AS mice. ANP, BNP, and SERCA2 were not different between AT2TG-AS and NTG-AS mice. Phospholamban (PLB) and the PLB-to-SERCA2 ratio were significantly higher in AT2TG-AS than in NTG-AS mice. iNOS was higher in AT2TG-AS than in NTG-AS mice but not significantly different. Our results indicate that AT2 receptor overexpression modified the pathological hypertrophic response to aortic banding in transgenic mice.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00174.2006 | DOI Listing |
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