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Systematic Review of Hybrid Vision Transformer Architectures for Radiological Image Analysis.
J Imaging Inform Med
January 2025
School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
Vision transformer (ViT)and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) each possess distinct strengths in medical imaging: ViT excels in capturing long-range dependencies through self-attention, while CNNs are adept at extracting local features via spatial convolution filters. While ViT may struggle with capturing detailed local spatial information, critical for tasks like anomaly detection in medical imaging, shallow CNNs often fail to effectively abstract global context. This study aims to explore and evaluate hybrid architectures that integrate ViT and CNN to leverage their complementary strengths for enhanced performance in medical vision tasks, such as segmentation, classification, reconstruction, and prediction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStromal architecture and fibroblast subpopulations with opposing effects on outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Cell Discov
January 2025
Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Dissecting the spatial heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is vital for understanding tumor biology and therapeutic design. By combining pathological image analysis with spatial proteomics, we revealed two stromal archetypes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with different biological functions and extracellular matrix compositions. Using paired single-cell RNA and epigenomic sequencing with Stereo-seq, we revealed two fibroblast subsets CAF-FAP and CAF-C7, whose spatial enrichment strongly correlated with the two stromal archetypes and opposing patient prognosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSequential Epidemiological Analyses of Real-World Data: A Tool for Prospective Drug Safety Surveillance from the Rofecoxib Example.
Drug Saf
January 2025
Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
Introduction: Large administrative healthcare databases can be used for near real-time sequential safety surveillance of drugs as an alternative approach to traditional reporting-based pharmacovigilance. The study aims to build and empirically test a prospective drug safety monitoring setup and perform a sequential safety monitoring of rofecoxib use and risk of cardiovascular outcomes.
Methods: We used Danish population-based health registers and performed sequential analysis of rofecoxib use and cardiovascular outcomes using case-time-control and cohort study designs from January 2000 to September 2004.
[Marine trophic and socio-ecological networks under pressure: study of the cumulative impact of climate change and offshore wind farm development].
Biol Aujourdhui
January 2025
UMR CNRS-UniCaen-MNHN-SU-UA-IRD BOREA, Biologie des Organismes et des Écosystèmes Aquatiques, Université de Caen-Normandie, CS 14032, 14000 Caen, France - France Énergies Marines, 53 rue de Prony, 76600 Le Havre, France.
In the anthropocene era, one of the greatest challenges facing trophic modeling applied to the marine environment is its ability to couple the multiple effects of both climate change and local anthropogenic activities, notably the development of offshore wind farms. The major challenge is to create scenarios to characterize their cumulative effects on the functioning of the entire socio-ecological system, in order to propose appropriate management plans. Although modeling cumulative impact on socio-ecological networks is not yet widely used, data reported in the present review article show that the relevance of this approach could be established in the context of offshore wind power.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA review of sustainable cattle genetic improvement in the Peruvian Highlands.
Vet Anim Sci
March 2025
Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Sede Central: Av. La Molina 1981, La Molina, Lima 15024, Perú.
Cattle breeding in the highlands of Peru is an important economic activity at the level of the entire rural extension, because it serves as an economic reserve for rural families and forms an integral part of the agricultural producer's culture. This review aimed to provide a literature- and research-based approach to the fundamental aspects of a national genetic improvement plan, emphasising the efficacy of using a bovine germplasm of high genetic quality as an initiative to implement genetic improvement programmes. The concepts to be implemented in national livestock farming include high yield, feed conversion efficiency, and minimum greenhouse gas emissions.
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