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How Uremic Toxins Alter Atorvastatin Disposition: Molecular Mechanisms of Inhibition of the Enzyme CYP3A4.
Balkan Med J
January 2025
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, China.
Article Synopsis
- Uremic patients accumulate protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs), which alter drug metabolism by affecting the environment around liver cells and CYP450 enzymes.
- The study found that specific PBUTs like indoxyl sulfate (IS) and hippurate (HA) significantly inhibit the metabolism of atorvastatin (ATV), with IS being the most impactful, reducing ATV metabolism by over 50%.
- Results showed that the expression of the enzyme CYP3A4, critical for drug metabolism, was downregulated in the presence of uremic serum, leading to decreased ATV uptake and excretion due to effects on related signaling pathways.
Triboelectric Nanogenerator-Based Self-Powered Urinary Protein Detection Utilizing Triboelectric Material with Colorimetric Function.
ACS Nano
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a high incidence rate, and if not detected and treated in a timely manner, it poses a risk of progressing to renal failure and even uremia. Performing home monitoring of urinary protein, which is a recognized indicator of CKD, is considered an effective means of achieving early warning for CKD. Although the existing urinary protein test strips for home self-testing are cost-effective and simple, they suffer from drawbacks such as susceptibility to contamination and lack of quantitative detection capability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlterations in gut-derived uremic toxins before the onset of azotemic chronic kidney disease in cats.
J Vet Intern Med
December 2024
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animals, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Background: Although gut-derived uremic toxins are increased in azotemic chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats and implicated in disease progression, it remains unclear if augmented formation or retention of these toxins is associated with the development of renal azotemia.
Objectives: Assess the association between gut-derived toxins (ie, indoxyl-sulfate, p-cresyl-sulfate, and trimethylamine-N-oxide [TMAO]) and the onset of azotemic CKD in cats.
Animals: Forty-eight client-owned cats.
Anticoagulation-related complications and their outcomes in hemodialysis patients with acute kidney injury at selected hospitals in Ethiopia.
PLoS One
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Collage of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Introduction: During hemodialysis (HD), the presence of clots in the dialyzer can diminish the effective surface area of the device. In severe cases, clot formation in the circuit can halt treatment and lead to blood loss in the system. Thus, ensuring proper anticoagulation during HD is crucial to prevent clotting in the circuit while safeguarding the patient from bleeding risks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Choice of Anti-Inflammatory Influences the Elimination of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins.
Toxins (Basel)
December 2024
Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
Pain is a frequent and disturbing symptom among hemodialysis patients. Protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) are related to cardiovascular and overall mortality, and they are difficult to remove with current hemodialysis treatments. The PBUT displacers, such as furosemide, tryptophan, or ibuprofen, may be promising new strategies for improving their clearance.
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