Transgenic mice overexpressing human acetylcholinesterase and the Swedish amyloid precursor protein mutation: effect of nicotine treatment.

Neuroscience

Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Alzheimer Neurobiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Novum 5th Floor, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.

Published: March 2008

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is shown to promote deposition of beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides and to enhance Abeta toxicity. Tg2576 (transgenic mice carrying the Swedish mutation of amyloid precursor protein, APPswe) mice and mice overexpressing human synaptic acetylcholinesterase (AChE-S) were crossed (hAChE-Tg//APPswe), to study the effects of brain Abeta, from 1 to 10 months of age, under the constant influence of AChE-S. The effect of nicotine treatment was also evaluated in these mice since we have previously shown that nicotine dramatically decreases Abeta levels in single transgenic APPswe mice. Already at 1 and 3 months, hAChE-Tg// APPswe mice showed increased levels of cortical insoluble Abeta1-40 and Abeta1-42 compared with APPswe mice, whereas APPswe mice displayed increased soluble Abeta1-40. Abeta plaques were detected at 7 months, thus before onset of plaque formation in APPswe mice. No differences were found in [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites or hippocampal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity between hAChE-Tg//APPswe, and APPswe mice at either 1 or 10 months of age. L(-)-Nicotine (final dose 0.45 mg/kg) treatment twice daily for 10 days to 14-month-old hAChE-Tg// APPswe mice increased cortical insoluble Abeta1-40 levels, while both L(-)- and D(+)-nicotine (final dose 0.45 mg/kg) increased soluble Abeta1-42. L(-)-Nicotine reduced hippocampal GFAP immunoreactivity both in hAChE-Tg//APPswe mice and non-transgenic controls, while D(+)-nicotine caused a decrease only in hAChE-Tg//APPswe mice. Moreover, D(+)-nicotine increased the [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites in the hippocampus, and cortex of the hAChE-Tg//APPswe mice. In conclusion, already at a very young age, hAChE-Tg// APPswe mice exhibit increased levels of aggregated Abeta compared with APPswe mice, due to the possible interaction between Abeta and AChE-S, whereas APPswe mice exhibit increased soluble Abeta. The interaction between Abeta and AChE-S may also explain the different effect of nicotine on Abeta pathology in the hAChE-Tg//APPswe mice. The results in this study emphasize the importance of using different transgenic mouse models for evaluating the effect of new drug candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.11.022DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

appswe mice
44
mice
18
hache-tg//appswe mice
16
hache-tg// appswe
12
increased soluble
12
appswe
11
abeta
10
transgenic mice
8
mice overexpressing
8
overexpressing human
8

Similar Publications

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly, involves critical changes such as reduced aerobic glycolysis in astrocytes and increased neuronal apoptosis, both of which are significant in the disease's pathology. In our study, astrocytes treated with amyloid β1-42 (Aβ) to simulate AD conditions exhibited upregulated expressions of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-specific protease 1 (SENP1) and Pumilio RNA Binding Family Member 2 (PUM2), alongside decreased levels of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). SENP1 is notably the most upregulated SUMOylation enzyme in Aβ-exposed astrocytes.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Fecal microbiota transplantation attenuates Alzheimer's disease symptoms in APP/PS1 transgenic mice via inhibition of the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway-mediated inflammation.

Behav Brain Funct

January 2025

Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is the leading cause of dementia. The underlying mechanisms of AD have not yet been completely explored. Neuroinflammation, an inflammatory response mediated by certain mediators, has been exhibited to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Accumulated BCAAs and BCKAs contribute to the HFD-induced deterioration of Alzheimer's disease via a dysfunctional TREM2-related reduction in microglial β-amyloid clearance.

J Neuroinflammation

December 2024

Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China.

A high-fat diet (HFD) induces obesity and insulin resistance, which may exacerbate amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) pathology during Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) accumulate in obese or insulin-resistant patients and animal models. However, roles of accumulated BCAAs and their metabolites, branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs), in the HFD-induced deterioration of AD and the underlying mechanisms remains largely unclear.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that has become one of the most important diseases threatening global public health security. Dihuang Yinzi (DHYZ) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used for the treatment of AD and has significant therapeutic effects, but its specific mechanism of action is still unclear.The aim of the study is to investigate the specific mechanism of DHYZ in treating AD based on brain metabolomics and network pharmacology.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Synaptic dysfunction is an early feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and correlates with cognitive decline. Astrocytes are essential regulators of synapses, impacting synapse formation, maturation, elimination and function. To understand if synapse-supportive functions of astrocytes are altered in AD, we used astrocyte BacTRAP mice to generate a comprehensive dataset of hippocampal astrocyte transcriptional alterations in two mouse models of Alzheimer's pathology (APPswe/PS1dE9 and Tau P301S), characterizing sex and age-dependent changes.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!