Outcome of brain abscess by Clostridium perfringens.

Objective: Despite the aggressive infection of soft tissue caused by Clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene-necrotizing fasciitis), a brain abscess with this bacteria treated by early surgical excision, debridement of necrotic tissue, and antibiotic coverage may be expected to have a good recovery. Long-term follow-up has not been well established in this group of patients. We report this case to show the outcome at 3 years post surgical and antibiotic treatment for C. perfringens brain abscess and stress the need for urgent intervention to achieve good outcome. We also present a literature review of Clostridial brain abscesses since the 1960s.

Clinical Presentation: A 53-year-old man was brought to the emergency room after having a witnessed seizure status postassault 3 days before admission. On presentation, he was febrile, disoriented, lethargic, and demonstrated right upper extremity weakness. A computed tomographic scan of the head showed a left frontoparietal depressed cranial fracture complicated with gas and intraparenchymal air fluid level cavity.

Intervention: Emergent surgery for debridement and excision of necrotic tissue was performed. Empiric intravenous antibiotic therapy was started and penicillin G was added for 6 weeks after C. perfringens was demonstrated.

Conclusion: Despite the severe infection and effect of C. perfringens in soft tissues in the brain, it appears that emergent surgical debridement and antibiotic coverage will yield an excellent outcome for these patients.