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The homeobox transcription factor Mtx2 is essential for epiboly, the first morphogenetic movement of gastrulation in zebrafish. Morpholino knockdown of Mtx2 results in stalling of epiboly and lysis due to yolk rupture. However, the mechanism of Mtx2 action is unknown. The role of mtx2 is surprising as most mix/bix family genes are thought to have roles in mesendoderm specification. Using a transgenic sox17-promoter driven EGFP line, we show that Mtx2 is not required for endoderm specification but is required for correct morphogenetic movements of endoderm and axial mesoderm. During normal zebrafish development, mtx2 is expressed at both the blastoderm margin and in the zebrafish equivalent of visceral endoderm, the extra-embryonic yolk syncytial layer (YSL). We show that formation of the YSL is not Mtx2 dependent, but that Mtx2 directs spatial arrangement of YSL nuclei. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Mtx2 knockdown results in loss of the YSL F-actin ring, a microfilament structure previously shown to be necessary for epiboly progression. In summary, we propose that Mtx2 acts within the YSL to regulate morphogenetic movements of both embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues, independently of cell fate specification.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.10.050 | DOI Listing |
Elife
December 2024
Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7622), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Developmental Biology Laboratory, Paris, France.
Despite recent progress, the complex roles played by the extracellular matrix in development and disease are still far from being fully understood. Here, we took advantage of the zebrafish mutation which affects Laminin γ1, a major component of basement membranes, to explore its role in the development of the olfactory system. Following a detailed characterisation of Laminin distribution in the developing olfactory circuit, we analysed basement membrane integrity, olfactory placode and brain morphogenesis, and olfactory axon development in mutants, using a combination of immunochemistry, electron microscopy and quantitative live imaging of cell movements and axon behaviours.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe formation of the vertebrate body involves the coordinated production of trunk tissues from progenitors located in the posterior of the embryo. Although in vitro models using pluripotent stem cells replicate aspects of this process, they lack crucial components, most notably the notochord-a defining feature of chordates that patterns surrounding tissues. Consequently, cell types dependent on notochord signals are absent from current models of human trunk formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
November 2024
Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells are crucial for mechanosensation and mechanotransduction within the PDL, yet the role of primary cilia in orthodontic force transmission has not been examined. While bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling significantly influences ciliary function, its effect on cellular responses to mechanical stress has not been investigated. This study aims to investigate whether primary cilia and BMP signaling are involved in the periodontal ligament's response to orthodontic tooth movement and the resultant mechanical strain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment
December 2024
Center for Precision Environmental Health and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Anteroposterior (AP) elongation of the vertebrate body plan is driven by convergence and extension (C&E) gastrulation movements in both the mesoderm and neuroectoderm, but how or whether molecular regulation of C&E differs between tissues remains an open question. Using a zebrafish explant model of AP axis extension, we show that C&E of the neuroectoderm and mesoderm can be uncoupled ex vivo, and that morphogenesis of individual tissues results from distinct morphogen signaling dynamics. Using precise temporal manipulation of BMP and Nodal signaling, we identify a critical developmental window during which high or low BMP/Nodal ratios induce neuroectoderm- or mesoderm-driven C&E, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCells Dev
December 2024
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address:
Morphogenetic movements and specification of germ layers during gastrulation are key processes that establish the vertebrate body plan. Despite substantial research into the role of tissue mechanics during gastrulation and detailed characterisation of the molecular signalling networks controlling fate determination, the interplay of mechanical cues and biochemical signals during fate specification is poorly understood. Morphogens that activate Activin/Nodal/Smad2 signalling play a key role in mesoderm induction and axial patterning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!