Scopolamine in vertigo.

N Y State J Med

Published: June 1949

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Introduction: Cognitive impairment associated with old age or various brain disorders may be very disabling for affected individuals, placing their carers and public health services under considerable stress. The standard-of-care drugs produce only transient improvement of cognitive impairment in older people, so the search for novel, safe and effective therapeutics that would help to reverse or delay cognitive impairment is warranted. Repurposing pharmacological therapies with well-established safety record for additional indications is a promising recent trend in drug development.

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Vertigo is a disorder that affects equilibrium. Symptoms include a loss of balance with nausea and vomiting. Employees diagnosed with vertigo can return to work safely; however, they may need workplace restrictions and accommodation as symptoms may persist for months.

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What the ancient Greeks and Romans knew (and did not know) about seasickness.

Neurology

February 2016

From the Institute for Clinical Neurosciences (D.H., J.B., T.B.), German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (D.H., T.B.), and Institute for Classical Philology (B.K.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich; and Werl (H.O.), Germany.

Objective: To find and analyze descriptions in ancient Greek and Roman literature that reveal what was known at the time about seasickness.

Methods: A systematic search was made in the original literature beginning in the Greek period with Homer in ca 800 bc and extending up to Aetios Amidenos in the late Roman period in ca 600 ad.

Results: Rough seas and unpleasant odors were recognized as the major triggers; susceptibility was greater in persons not adapted to sea travel, of a labile mental state, or with anxiety; nausea, emesis, vertigo, anorexia, faintness, apathy, headache, and impending doom were frequently reported symptoms.

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Vertigo and dizziness are not independent disease entities, but instead symptoms of various diseases. Accordingly, a variety of treatment approaches are required. Here we review the most relevant drugs for managing dizziness, vertigo, and nystagmus syndromes.

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Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in clinical use of scopolamine.

Ther Drug Monit

October 2005

Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

The alkaloid L-(-)-scopolamine [L-(-)-hyoscine] competitively inhibits muscarinic receptors for acetylcholine and acts as a nonselective muscarinic antagonist, producing both peripheral antimuscarinic properties and central sedative, antiemetic, and amnestic effects. The parasympatholytic scopolamine, structurally very similar to atropine (racemate of hyoscyamine), is used in conditions requiring decreased parasympathetic activity, primarily for its effect on the eye, gastrointestinal tract, heart, and salivary and bronchial secretion glands, and in special circumstances for a CNS action. Therefore, scopolamine is most suitable for premedication before anesthesia and for antiemetic effects.

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