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Perfluorocarboxylic acids and perfluorosulfonic acids accumulate in food webs, thus posing a serious threat to food safety. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) derived a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 4.4 ng/kg body weight for the sum of the four so-called EFSA-PFAS in 2020.

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Prevalence and herd-level risk factors associated with Brucella infection in smallholders keeping large ruminants.

Res Vet Sci

February 2025

Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; UKMC, Manchester M11 1AA, UK. Electronic address:

Brucellosis is a disease that poses a higher risk of transmission to animals and people who have close interactions with them, such as farmers. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis and associated risk factors in Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan. One hundred pooled milk samples from 100 smallholder mixed herds of cows and buffaloes with a total study population of 425 animals (277 cattle and 148 buffalos) with a range of up to seven animals in each herd were collected and tested through a milk ring test (MRT).

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Detection of infection in raw milk of livestock in Famenin, West part of Iran.

Iran J Vet Res

January 2024

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.

Article Synopsis
  • * A total of 738 raw milk samples were collected, with MRT revealing a 6.23% positivity rate, primarily from sheep (91.30%), though no positive results came from cattle.
  • * PCR confirmed that 78.26% of MRT-positive samples were from the brucella genus, emphasizing the need for routine raw milk assessments to identify and manage brucellosis infection effectively.
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The Murciano-Granadina goat (MUG) is a renowned dairy breed, known for its adaptability and resilience, as well as for its exceptional milk traits characterized by high protein and fat content, along with low somatic cell counts. These traits are governed by complex biological processes, crucial in shaping phenotypic diversity. Thus, it is imperative to explore the factors regulating milk production and lactation for this breed.

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