The gas transport in the acinus is limited at rest by the finite oxygen diffusivity. Although the simplest steady-state model of diffusion permits understanding a number of observations, it fails to quantitatively fit the value of the absolute flux of oxygen at rest and exercise. In this paper, we show that the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin modifies these values only slightly. In contrast, the dynamics of breathing have a strong effect and allow recovery to known experimental values for oxygen transfer.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73693-8_29 | DOI Listing |
Adv Sci (Weinh)
December 2024
New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
Radiodynamic therapy that employs X-rays to trigger localized reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation can tackle the tissue penetration issue of phototherapy. Although calcium tungstate (CaWO) shows great potential as a radiodynamic agent benefiting from its strong X-ray absorption and the ability to generate electron-hole (e-h) pairs, slow charge carrier transfer and fast e-h recombination greatly limit its ROS-generating performance. Herein, via a one-pot wet-chemical method, oxygen vacancy-rich amorphous/crystalline heterophase CaWO nanoparticles (Ov-a/c-CaWO NPs) with enhanced radiodynamic effect are synthesized for radiodynamic-immunotherapy of cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
December 2024
Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 2, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
The design of cathode/electrolyte interfaces in high-energy density Li-ion batteries is critical to protect the surface against undesirable oxygen release from the cathodes when batteries are charged to high voltage. However, the involvement of the engineered interface in the cationic and anionic redox reactions associated with (de-)lithiation is often ignored, mostly due to the difficulty to separate these processes from chemical/catalytic reactions at the cathode/electrolyte interface. Here, a new electron energy band diagrams concept is developed that includes the examination of the electrochemical- and ionization- potentials evolution upon batteries cycling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Colloid Interface Sci
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China. Electronic address:
Photocatalytically reducing CO into high-value-added chemical materials has surfaced as a viable strategy for harnessing solar energy and mitigating the greenhouse effect. But the inadequate separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pair remains a major obstacle to CO photoreduction. Constructing heterostructure photocatalysts with efficient interface charge transfer is a promising approach to solving the above problems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSports (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Faculty in Biała Podlaska, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland.
Frequent changes in altitude and oxygen levels limit the practical application of traditionally derived exercise thresholds or training zones based on heart rate (HR) or blood lactate concentration (bLa). We investigated the transferability of a muscle oxygenation (SmO)-based intensity prescription between different hypoxic conditions to assess the suitability of real-time SmO measurements for ski-mountaineering (SKIMO) athletes during submaximal endurance exercise. A group of 15 well-trained male SKIMO athletes performed a graded-intensity run test in normoxia (87 m ASL, FiO = 20.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomaterials (Basel)
December 2024
Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are being pursued for applications in the maritime industry to meet stringent ship emissions regulations. Further basic research is needed to improve the performance of PEMFCs in marine environments. Assembly stress compresses the gas diffusion layer (GDL) beneath the ribs, significantly altering its pore structure and internal transport properties.
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