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Food Contact Materials (FCMs), such as plastics, papers, ceramics and inks used in food packaging, containers, kitchen utensils and tableware are subject to scrutiny due to their potential to release toxic compounds into food. In the European Union, materials and articles intended for contact with food must adhere to stringent safety regulations and novel materials not explicitly covered by existing legislation require individual risk assessment. This project focused on the assessment of the genotoxic potential of two substances used in FCMs, specifically neodecanoic acid (NDA) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), for which data gaps have been identified in genotoxicity studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring the role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in β-damascone-induced aneuploidy.
Genes Environ
November 2024
Scientific Product Assessment Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2, Umegaoka, Aoba-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8512, Japan.
Background: The rose ketone β-damascone (β-Dam) elicits positive results in the in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay using human lymphocytes, but shows negative outcomes in the Ames test and combined in vivo MN and comet assays. This has led to the interpretation that the in vitro MN result is a misleading positive result. Oxidative stress has been suggested as an indirect mode of action (MoA) for in vitro MN formation, with the α, β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety of the β-Dam chemical structure expected to cause misleading positive results through this MoA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDi(2-ethylexyl) phthalate and chromosomal damage: Insight on aneugenicity from the cytochalasin-block micronucleus assay.
Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen
August 2024
Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy. Electronic address:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is the most abundant phthalate used as plasticizer to soften plastics and polymers included in medical devices. Human and environmental exposure may occur because DEHP is not chemically bound to plastics and can easily leach out of the materials. This phthalate is classified as reproductive toxicant and possible carcinogen to humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA multi-biomarker micronucleus assay using imaging flow cytometry.
Arch Toxicol
September 2024
Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
Genetic toxicity testing assesses the potential of compounds to cause DNA damage. There are many genetic toxicology screening assays designed to assess the DNA damaging potential of chemicals in early drug development aiding the identification of promising drugs that have low-risk potential for causing genetic damage contributing to cancer risk in humans. Despite this, in vitro tests generate a high number of misleading positives, the consequences of which can lead to unnecessary animal testing and/or the abandonment of promising drug candidates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvestigations on the genotoxic potential of styrene in Fischer 344 rats using multiple endpoints.
Environ Mol Mutagen
April 2024
Toxicology Consulting, Midland, Michigan, USA.
Genotoxicity of styrene monomer was evaluated in male Fischer 344 rats using the alkaline comet assay for DNA damage, micronucleus assay for cytogenetic damage and the Pig-a assay for gene mutations. In a dose range finding (DRF) study, styrene was administered by oral gavage in corn oil for 28 consecutive days at 0, 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day. The bioavailability of styrene was confirmed in the DRF by measuring its plasma levels at approximately 7- or 15-min following dosing.
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