A diffractive Alvarez lens is demonstrated that consists of two separate phase plates, each having complementary 16-level surface-relief profiles that contain cubic phase delays. Translation of these two components in the plane of the phase plates is shown to produce a variable astigmatic focus. Both spherical and cylindrical phase profiles are demonstrated with good accuracy, and the discrete surface-relief features are shown to cause less than lambda/10 wave-front aberration in the transmitted wave front over a 40 mm x 80 mm region.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.25.000001 | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
- Scientists have found a new way to see tiny changes in proteins very quickly, which is important for biology and medicine.
- They used special X-ray lasers that can take pictures millions of times a second without much background noise.
- This new method helps them study how proteins unfold and change shape, making it useful for understanding many different biological processes.
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