Purpose: To investigate the effects of various concentrations of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on the rat Müller cells in vitro.
Methods: A rat Müller cell line was used in this study. Rat Müller cells were cultured with varying levels of RA for 24 h to 48 h. We examined cellular morphology under phase contrast microscope, cell proliferation using MTT assay, viable cell numbers by hemocytometer counting and cell apoptosis with flow cytometry.
Results: At lower concentration (< 0.1 microM), RA didn't change the cell's appearance and didn't inhibit the cell proliferation (P > 0.05). However, at higher concentration (1 microM, 10 microM, 100 microM), RA could inhibit the proliferation of Müller cells accompanied with morphological changes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, different concentration of RA (5 microM, 10 microM, 20 microM) could induce cell apoptosis. When using 20 microM RA to treat cells for 48 h, a significant decrease in cell numbers and an obvious increment of apoptotic cells were observed. The percentage of apoptotic cell was (35.87 +/- 7.40)% (P < 0.01, vs. control).
Conclusions: RA can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of müller cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner.
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