Radioimmunoassay was employed to measure serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in 38 lung cancer patients, 20 patients with noncancer pulmonary lesions and 10 healthy donors. An average NSE level (92.8 +/- 18.7 micrograms/l) in small cell carcinoma (10 patients) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in control, nonmalignant pulmonary diseases, squamous cell and adenocarcinoma. Sensitivity and specificity of the tumor marker to small cell carcinoma reached 80 and 95%, respectively. NSE serum test may serve an additional tool in differential diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of the lung.
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